chap, cm, 



SAL1CA S CE#. S'a'liX. 1*91 



& S. p. 1 i & purpurea Smith, IVilld.— Stem dwarfer. Branches more spreading. Catkins 



very slender. 

 & S. p. 2 j 8. Lainbert«)«rt Smith, Willd. — Catkins twice as stout, and leaves larger and 



broader than in S. purpurea; otherwise not different, 

 flfe S. p. 3 ; 6'. 7/elix Willd. En. — Branches uprightish, but spreading. Leaves longer. 

 Sfe S. p. 4 monadilphica. — A male plant, with the stamens divided to the middle, or, rather, 

 having '2 stamens with the filaments connate, as in S. rubra, and as far as to the middle. 

 Koch found this growing in the Palatinate of the Rhine, near Cassel. 

 3i S. p. bsencea; S. monandra scricea Scr. Sal. Helv., p. 8.— This has its leaves, while they 

 are young, covered with a dense silky down, which afterwards disappears. Seringe 

 observed this in Switzerland; and Koch afterwards gathered it in the Palatinate. 

 fife S. p. 6 brdctca rubra. — This has the scales of the catkin, that is the bracteas, of the colour 

 of red brick, and not black. Giinther sent it to Koch from Silesia ; and Koch deems it 

 a rare and singular variety. 

 Remark. Koch, considering S. purpurea as including the above four, gives the geographical dis- 

 tribution of the species as follows : — It inhabits the banks of streams and moist meadows, and also 

 sandy and comparatively dry places, in plains and lower mountains, from the Pyrenees and Alps, 

 through England and the whole of Europe, as far as to the south of Sweden. 



fife ¥ 2. S. i/E'Lix L. The Helix, or Rose, Willow. 



Identification. Lin. Sp. PL, 1441. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 672. ; Hayne Abbild., p. 229. t. 170. ; Smith 

 Eng. Bot., t. 1348. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 188. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 2. j Hook. Br. FL, ed. 3., p. 417. ; 

 Mackay Fl. Hibern., pt. 1. p. 244. 



Synonymcs. S. purpurea var. Koch. Comm., p. 25. j ?S. oppositif&lia Host Sal. Austr., 1. p. 11. 

 t. 38, 39. 



The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob., and also in Eng. Bot. ; but Mr. Borrer believes 

 that the catkins of female flowers represented in the latter are those of S. Forbyuna : if those of 

 Helix, they are much too thick. Mr. Borrer having only seen the male of S. HbVix, and the female 

 of S. Lambertm/Jrt, is inclined to regard them as the two sexes of one species. 



Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 1343., the male plant ; Sal. Wob, No. 2. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 170. ; and fig. 2. 

 in p. 1603. 



Spec. Char., §c. Branches erect. Leaves partly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, 



pointed, slightly serrated, very smooth ; linear towards the base. Stamen 



1. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas. (Sal. Wob., p. 3.) 



A native of Britain ; flowering in March and April. A tree of humble 



growth, but erect ; about 10 ft. high, smooth in every part, altogether of a 



lighter hue than those of S. purpurea. The branches are not trailing, but 



upright; they are smooth and polished, of a pale yellowish or purplish ash 



colour, tough and pliable ; less slender and elongated than the foregoing, 



though useful for the coarser sorts of basketwork. Catkins larger than 



those of S. purpurea ; the fertile ones, especially, full twice as thick. (Eng. 



Flora, p. 188.) The branches, which are yellow, and the mode of growth, 



which is erect, render this species easily distinguishable from the preceding. 



Description. The name rose-willow relates to rose-like expansions at the 



ends of the branches, which are caused by the deposition of the egg of a 



cynips in the summits of the twigs, in consequence of which they shoot out 



into numerous leaves, totally different in shape from the other leaves of the 



tree, and arranged not much unlike those composing the flower of a rose, 



adhering to the stem even after the others fall off. (Smith, and Kirby and 



Spence.) Smith had never seen this monstrosity but on S. Helix, except 



once on S. aurita : but it is very common on S. Hoffmamudna in Sussex 



(Borrer), and on S. alba in Cambridgeshire, and is obvious in winter when the 



plants are leafless. In these two kinds, the rose-like bodies are constituted of 



leaves imbricately disposed, the upper the smaller : some of the bodies are 



3 in. over. " The leaves and twigs are less bitter than those of S. purpurea ; 



and the greater size of the stem, as well as branches, renders this species 



fit for several purposes which that is not. It also makes a better figure in 



plantations, and the roots give more solidity to the banks of rivers or ditches." 



(Smith.) Gerard describes the rose-willow, of which he has given a figure, as 



" not only making a gallant show, but also yielding a most cooling aire in the 



heat of summer, being set up in houses for the decking of the same." Dr. 



Johnston, in his Flora of Berwick upon Tweed, states that S. Helix withstands 



storms better than any other species. A crystallisable principle, called sali- 



cine,Jnas been obtained from this species ; which, according to Majendie, arrests 



the progress of a fever with the same power as sulphate of quinine. (Jour. 



R. Inst., October, 1830, p. 177. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst., p. 187. See also our p. 



1459.) In ornamental plantations, S. 7/elix is an interesting shrub, from its 



5 e 3 



