1644 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



abundance of fibrous roots the first season, ought to be transplanted into nur- 

 SCTJ lines tor at least one year before removal to their final situation. The 

 tree is admirably adapted for thickening or filling up blanks in woods and 

 plantations; and, for this purpose, truncheons may be planted 3in, or 4in. in 

 diameter, and ID ft. or 18ft, nigh. These truncheons have the great advan- 

 tage 01 not being overshadowed by the adjoining trees, which is almost always 

 the case when young plants are used for tilling up vacancies among old trees. 

 The truncheons need not be inserted very deeply in the soil, because the roots 

 which they protrude, like those of all other trees having creeping roots, ori- 

 ginate in a part of the trunk near the surface. When the white poplar is 

 planted in masses, with a view to produce timber, the plants ought to be from 

 15ft, to 18ft, apart every way, and they may be most profitably cut down 

 at the end of 30 or 40 years ; but, when they are only to produce poles of 

 from tJ in. to 9 in. in diameter, fit for roofing sheds and similar purposes, they 

 need not be planted at a greater distance than from C ft. to 9 ft. every way; 

 and, tor coppice wood, from 4 ft. to 5 ft. is the proper distance. Owing to the 

 softness of the wood, and its liability to shrink and crack, it is dangerous to 

 cut ott' very large branches; and, even when branches of moderate size are 

 cut orf, the wound ought always to be covered over with grafting clay, or 

 some description of plaster, to exclude the air. The tree is considered, 

 both by French and English authors, as bearing lopping worse than any other 

 species of the genus; and, when transplanted, the head should never be cut 

 off, and not even cut in, unless the tree is to be planted in a hot and dry 

 soil. 



Accident. 1 ; and Diseases. When the tree is either carelessly pruned, or when 

 a branch is broken off by accident, or a stump suffered to decay, the water 

 seldom fails to be conducted to the heart of the trunk, and, by bringing on 

 caries, to rot the timber. The leaves, and also the trunk, of the tree are 

 liable to be infested by fungi, of which several species are common to the 

 different species of poplar. (See p. 1638.) The porosity of the trunk, stool, 

 and roots is favourable to the production of fungi of the larger kinds ; and 

 the Polyporus igniarius Fries may frequently be seen on the trunk of the 

 tree, or on the stool of a tree that has been cut down, of gigantic size. 



Statistics. Recorded Trees. At Strath fieldsaye, at Chalfont House, Bucks, and at Kingston, 

 Surnv, Mitchell, writing in 1827, says, there are first-rate trees: at Longleat, he mentions some 

 100 ft." high, with trunks from 8 ft to 4 ft. in diameter, and with 40 ft. to 60 ft. of clear bole. At 

 Knowle, he saw one 9 ft. in circumference, that had been felled and cross cut : the sap-wood 

 was about 4 in. thick, and the heart-wood spongy, like the inside of an overgrown turnip. At 

 Wentworth House, Mitchell saw another overgrown abele, felled and sawn across, which presented 

 the same appearance as the tree at Knowle. In Scotland, a tree at Drumlanrig, in Dumfriesshire, 

 which stood on a dry soil, and was 80 years old, was, in 1773, 80 ft. high, with a trunk 2ft. 6 in. in 

 diameter. In the year 1709, a row of abeles, at Stevenston, in East Lothian, contained 122 trees, all 

 about 80 ft. high, and having clear trunks of from 20 ft. to 30 ft. The trunks were from 5 ft. to 7 ft. 

 in circumference, and yet the trees stood only 7 ft. distant from each other. They grew in a deep 

 rnoi-t soil, were then 80 years old, and afforded a great quantity of timber, though they had begun 

 to decay. [Walter') Euoyi, p. 50.) In France, in the years 1804 and 1805, several abeles, which 

 were planted at Versailles in the time of Louis XIV., and had long been regarded as magnificent 

 si>e( imens, were cut down ; and, though they had begun to decay, they were cut into planks, and sold 

 .-it a h:tfh price, for naval purposes. 



us I'tlhd in England. In the environs of London, at Ham House, it is 85 ft. high, with a 

 trunk -,\ It. in diameter. On the banks of the Thames, between Hampton Court and Chertsey, are 

 levers! specimen* upwards of lOOft. high. In Devonshire, at Killerton, 25 years planted, it is 73 ft. 

 high, diameter of trunk 2 ft. 1 in., and of the head .'38 ft. In the Isle of Jersey, 10 years planted, it is 

 •\i. In Surrey, at Deepdene, 10 years old, it is 27 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 6 in., and 

 of the h<a<l 10 ft in Bussex, at Kidbrooke, it is 00 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 3ft., and of the 

 It In Wiltshire, at Longford Castle, it is 100 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 6 ft., and of the 

 bead BO It. In Berkshire, at Bear Wood, 12 years planted, it is 40 ft. high ; at Ditton Park 90 years 



Planted, it is 80 ft. high, in Denbighshire, at Llanbede Hall, 50 years planted, it is 63ft. high, In 

 lerei n d ihire, al Btoke Edith Park, it is 85ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 4ft., and of the 

 i : hire, at Belvoir Castle. Sojean planted, it ii 60 ft. high. In Northampton- 



shure, at Clumber Park, 14 fears planted, it Is 25 ft. high. In Northumberland, at Hartburn, 

 I planted, it is 82 ft. high. In Pembrokeshire, at Stackpole Court, 40 years planted, it is 60ft. 

 high, diameter Ol the trunk 2^ ft., and of the head 28ft. In Shropshire, at Willey Park, 16 years 

 planted, til 10 ft, high. In Staffordshire, at Trenthani, 26 ve.trs planted, it is 35ft. high ; at Alton 

 .i: planted, it is 20ft. high. In Suffolk, at Finborough Hall, 80 years planted, it is 

 Deter of the trunk Oft., and of the head 75 ft. In Yorkshire, at Grimston, 14 



•; H high. 



Uadtoatn icotland lathe environs of Edinburgh, al Hopetoun House, it Is SOtt high; 



of the trunk 3ft 10 in., and of the head 30ft. in Haddingtonshire, at Tynningham, 



ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 3 in., and of the head 42 ft. in Roxburghshire, 70 



planted, it has a clean trunk 60 ft in height, averaging for that height 2 ft. in diameter, and 



