CHAP. CIII. i'ALlCA^E^. PO'pULUS. 165.0 



producing a sort of galls, or protuberances, of various shapes and sizes, on 

 its leaves and branches, which have been usually mistaken for the lodgments 

 of worms hatched from the eggs of an ichneumon fly : but they are, in reality, 

 produced from the operations of a viviparous species of A v phis (A. populi), for 

 the bringing up of its offspring. These galls are of the bladder kind, being 

 usually skinned over, and more or less hollow within, not woody, as those 

 of the oak, &c. They proceed from different parts of the plant, some from 

 the petioles of the leaves, and many from the young shoots : they are very 

 various in figure, some being roundish, others oblong, others crooked and 

 contorted in various directions, and some of them are in the figure of horns, 

 like those of Pistacia Terebinthus (p. 547. J, and of the same origin. (Rees's 

 Cyclopcedia.) Uredo juopulina Pers., a kind of hypodermous fungus, has been 

 found on the leaves of this species. 



Statistics. — Recorded Trees. Evelyn mentions some stately and straight black poplars in Cheshire, 

 that yielded boards and planks " by some preferred to oak for their whiteness and lasting, where 

 they lie dry." At Alloa House, in Clackmannanshire, a tree, between 3 ft., and 4 ft. from the ground, 

 girted 13 ft. or 14 ft. ; and at Southfield, in Fife, one about twenty years old, in 1819, measured 7 ft. 

 1 in. in girt. {Sang.) A tree in the garden of Arquebuse, at Dijon, measured, in 1810, 21 ft. in cir- 

 cumference at 5 ft. from the ground. It had an ample head ; and, though the trunk was ulcerated 

 in several places, it appeared as if it would live for many years, though it was then of great age. 

 The same tree, measured in 1836, by L. W. Dillwyn, Esq., exceeded 20 ft. in circumference, at 4 ft. 

 from the ground. 



Existing Trees. In England, in the environs of London, at Ham House, Essex, it is 74 ft. high, 

 diameter of trunk 2 ft. 9 in., and of the head 58 ft. ; in the grounds of Lambeth Palace, between 70 ft. 

 and 80 ft. high, and in vigorous growth, though surrounded by smoke to such an extent as to injure 

 most of the other trees in the garden. In the Isle of Wight, in Wilkins's Nursery, Newport, 10 

 years planted, it is 25 ft. high. In the Isle of Jersey, in Saunders's Nursery, 10 years planted, 

 it is 20 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 6 in., and that of the head 12 ft. In Wiltshire, at Wardour 

 Castle, 50 years old, it is 70 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 

 5 ft., and of the head 99ft. ; in Cheshire, at Kinmel Park, it 

 is &} ft. high, diameter of the trunk 4 ft., and of the head 45 ft.; 

 in Herefordshire, at Eastnor Castle, 20 years planted, it is 60 ft. 

 high ; in Nottinghamshire, at Clumber Park, it is 78 ft. high ; 

 the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 3 in., and of the head 39 ft. ; in 

 Pembrokeshire, at Stackpole Court, 30 years planted, it is 70 ft, 

 high; in Radnorshire, at Maeslaugh Castle, 65 ft. high; the 

 diameter of the trunk 4 ft., and of the head 76 ft. ; in Suffolk, 

 at Bury St. Edmunds, near the old bridge over the river Lark, 

 is 90 ft. high, and the diameter of the trunk is 5 ft., " a noble 

 and healthy tree " (see Jig. 1514. to a scale of 50 ft. to lin., 

 copied from Strutt's Sylva) ; in Worcestershire, at Hagley, 9 

 years planted, it is 23 ft. high. In Scotland, in Kirkcudbright, 

 shire, at St. Mary's Isle, it is 75 ft. high, the diameter of the 

 trunk 3$ ft., and of the head 40 ft. ; in Haddingtonshire, at 

 Tynningham, it is 62 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2J ft., 

 and of the head 27 ft. ; in Ross-shire, at Brahan Castle, it is 

 24 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and of the head 

 30ft. In Ireland, in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 35 years 

 planted, it is 50 ft. high. In France, at Toulon, in the Botanic 

 Garden, 30 years planted, it is 50 ft. high, with a trunk 2 ft. 

 in diameter ; at Avranches, in the Botanic Garden, 40 years 

 planted, it is 40 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft, and of 

 the head 20 ft. In Austria, at Vienna, in the Laxenburg 1 _. 

 Garden, 40 years old, it is 30 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 1514 

 14 in., and of the head 12 ft. In Bavaria, at Munich, in the English Garden, 50 years old, it is 36 ft. 

 high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft, and the head 14 ft. In Sweden, at Lund, in the Botanic Garden, 

 it is 72 ft high, the diameter of the trunk 21 in., and of the head 12 ft. In Italy, in Lombardy, at 

 Monza, 30 years old, it is 80 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2i ft, and the diameter of head 40 ft. 



¥ 8. P. (n.) canadensis Michx. The Canadian Poplar. 



Identification. Michx. Arb., 3. p. 298.,; N. Amer. Syl., 2. p. 227. 



Synonymes. P. laevigata Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. S03.,Pursk Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 619., Spreng. Syst. Veg. y 

 2. p. 244., but not of Hort. Kew. ; P. monilifera Hort. Par., Nouv. Corns, &c. ; Cotton-wood, 

 Michx. ; Peuplier de Canada, Fr. in Nouv. Cours d'Agri., edit. 1822, torn xi. p. 407. 



The Sexes. Willdenow has noted that he had seen the male living ; Bosc says that only the female 

 is in France. 



Engravings. Mich. Arb., 3. t. 11. ; North Amer. Syl., 2. t. 95. ; and our fig. 1515. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Young branch angled. Petiole compressed. Disk of leaf 

 roundish ovate, deltoid, acuminate, subcordate at the base, where there are 

 glands, serrated with unequal teeth, glabrous. (Pursh.) The branches are 

 angular, and the angles form whitish lines, which persist even in the adult 

 age of the tree. The trunk is furrowed, even in old age ; less so than that 

 of P. angulata, more so than that of P. monilifera. The young buds are 

 gummy. The catkins of the female are from 6 in. to 8 in. long. (M. de Fou- 

 cault; and Michx. in N. Amer. Syl.) It is found wild in North America, in 



