CHAP. CIV. BETULA*CEJE. BE'TULA, 1705 



brane which surrounds it is narrower. The wood of ihe tree is hard, 

 and yellower than that of the common birch. Pallas says that it differs 

 from B. nigra L. (the red birch of America), in having smaller stipules, and 

 in the leaves being less frequently, and never doubly, serrated; but, as he 

 had only an opportunity of comparing it with a small dried specimen of 

 the American species, of which he has given us a figure, we cannot place 

 much confidence in his opinion. The young plants bearing this name at 

 Messrs. Loddiges's have every appearance of being nothing more than a 

 stunted variety of the common birch ; but these plants are too small and 

 unhealthy to enable us to determine, with certainty, whether they are 

 really of the kind described by Pallas, or not. This species was introduced 

 in 1796 ; but it is not common in collections. There is a tree at Crooine 

 bearing this name, which, after being 30 years planted, is 40 ft. high. One 

 in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, .35 years planted, is 30 ft. high ; and 

 one in the Botanic Garden at Munich, 25 years planted, is 20 ft. high. 

 V anvil). 



Sk ¥ B. d. 2 parvifolia Hayne Dend., p. 167., has the leaves smaller than 

 the species. 



at 3. B. frutico'sa Pall. The shrubby Birch. 



Identification. Pall. Ross., 1. p. 62. ; Du Roi Harb. Baum., 1. p. 151.; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 466., 



Baum., p. 61. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 208. 

 Synonymes. B. humilis Sclirank Sal., p. 50., Fl. Bavar., No. 305. ; B. quebecctnsis Schrift. do 



Gesells. Naturf. Freunde, 5. p. 196., as quoted by Willclenow. 

 Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1. t. 40. ; Dend. Brit, t. 154. ; a.\v\'.o\ir fig. 1557. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Leaves roundish-ovate, nearly equally serrate, glabrous. 

 Female catkins oblong. {Willd. Sp. PL, iv. p. 466.) This species is always 

 shrubby, and never rises higher than 5 ft. or 6 ft., in moist situations ; but, 

 on mountains, it grows to a greater size, and 



the trunk attains a thickness of 2 in. or 3 in. § l5,5 7 



The whole plant has a stunted appearance. %mB_ r $ 



The buds are numerous, and come out soon %Jk ! ^|fP^ S) ^1? 



after those of B. alba. The leaves are small, ^'^^s^ < M^f^^^0 i 



and generally two from the same bud. They ' £ ^2>^& < ^^M%0 



are lengthened out, and entire towards the ^^Ife? ^}h^Q^> 



petiole ; and towards the end, which is very ^S$i r>wl^? 



sharp, they are unequally serrated. The Ml ^S^JlM^ 

 male catkins are sessile at the ends of the %$k 0tf^[W* 

 twigs, frequently unaccompanied with any jyl "~ W s^*. 



leaf: they are more than 1 in. in length, and v (V^NJ| 



pendent. The female catkins are lateral from ^ C\/T) A^fcpx 



the leaf buds, solitary, alternate, upright, x ">.,. .}^W-/ 



small, commonly peduncled, and accompanied 



by a small leaf; and the ripe seeds remain upon them during the winter ; 

 their form is cylindric, and they are longer than those of B. nana ; the 

 scales are narrow at the base, three-forked at the end; and there are three 

 seeds to each scale, of the same size and form as in B. nana. Pallas found 

 this species in marshes, and on rocky mountains in the cold subalpine re- 

 gions of Eastern Siberia. According to Willdenow, it is also found in 

 Canada, and in Germany, in Bavaria, and Mecklenburg. About Berlin, it 

 grows to the height of 4 ft. or 5 ft. It was introduced in 1818; and there 

 are plants at Messrs. Loddiges's, and in some other collections. 



& 4. B. pu^mila L. The hairy dwarf Birch. 



Identification. Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 467. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 622. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 207. ; 



Lin. Mant, 124. 

 Synonyme. B. nana Kalm Itin., 2. p. 263. 

 Engravings. Jacq. Hort. Vind., 1. 122. ; Du Roi Harb., 1. t. 3. ; Wang. Beitr., t. 29. f. 61. ; Dend. 



Brit. t. 97, and our fig. 1558. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Branches pubescent, without dots. Leaves roundish-ovate, 

 on long footstalks, densely clothed with hairs on the under surface. Female 

 catkins cylindrical. (Willd. Sp. PI., iv. p. 467.) A shrub, a native of bogs in 



