2012 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



bed tor two yean; after which they may be planted into nursery lines, and 

 undergo the usual routine treatment. The varieties are usually propagated 

 bj layers J and, according to Sang, the species was formerly propagated in this 

 manlier in large quantities ; but, the plants so raised never arriving at great 

 stature as timber trees, the hornbeam came to be considered more as a shrub 

 than as a forest tree, and its planting was neglected, except for hedges. It is 

 DOW, however, never propagated otherwise than by seeds. 



Accidents, Diseases, Insects, and parasitic Plants. The hornbeam, from the 

 toughness of its branches, and the tenacity with which its roots take hold of 

 the soil, is scarcely ever injured by high winds ; it is, however, very liable to be 

 barked, and sometimes entirely destroyed, by mice, when the seedling plants 

 first appear above the ground ; and afterwards, till the tree is five or six years 

 old, by hares and rabbits, neither of which will touch any other kind of tree 

 in the same plantation, till they have stripped the hornbeam of every particle 

 of its bark within their reach. It is liable to few diseases; but, when pruned 

 or otherwise wounded in spring, it bleeds freely ; sometimes, also, a kind of 

 gum, in filaments, oozes out of the fissures of the bark. This genus is red- 

 dish, easily dissolved in spirits of wine, and analogous to lac. (See Diet, des 

 Eaux ct Fonts, &c.) The hornbeam does not appear to be much subject to 

 the attacks of insects. *Hybernia prosapiaria, *Hirnerapennaria, -)-Ge6metra 

 carpiniaria, *Campae v a margaritata, Clorissa putataria, are lepidopterous in- 

 sects, which, in the larva state, either entirely or partially subsist upon the 

 leaves. Cicones carpini is a small beetle found under the bark ; Coccus car- 

 pini is found upon the stems, with the ordinary habits of the scale insects ; and 

 one of the saw-flies, Tenthredo carpini, is thus named from its feeding upon 

 this tree. The fungi that are found on the hornbeam are : Polyporus adustus 

 Wdld. var. earpineus ; Sphae N ria decipiens Dec. ; and Stilbospora magna Berk., 

 syn. S. Carpini Sow., t. 376. , and fig. 16613. in the Encyclopaedia of Plants, 

 singular for the large tendrils which are formed by the oozing sporidia. 

 SphaeVia fimbriata Pers. and Sphae v ria carpinea Fr. on the leaves, and S. 

 Carpini Pers. on the twigs, have not yet been observed in this country ; but 

 there is little doubt that they will reward the research of some botanist, in 

 countries where the hornbeam is prevalent. 



Statistics. Recorded Trees. Miller speaks of some hornbeams that he had seen in woods, 70 ft. 

 high ; but he does not give their circumference. Marsham mentions a hornbeam in Lord,Petre's park 

 atWnttle, in Essex, which, in 1764, measured, at5ft. from the ground, above 12 ft. in circumference. 

 {Bath Soc. Pap., i. p. 66.) Evelyn mentions the hedges at Hampton Court as being from 15 ft. to 

 20 ft. high. Dr. Walker, in his Essays, &c, mentions a hornbeam at Bargally (see p. 95.) which mea- 

 sured, in 1780, 6 ft. 2 in. in circumference, had 20 ft. of clear trunk, and was 70 ft. high. In France, 

 the hornbeam is so generally used for garden hedges, that there does not appear to be any large old 

 trees ; but Evelyn informs us that, in Gennany, it was formerly the custom to plant a clump of these 

 trees " before the entries of most of the great towns; to which they apply timber frames for the 

 people to sit and solace in. Scamozzi, the architect, says that in his time he found one whose 

 branches extended 70 ft in breadth : this was at Vuimfen, near the Necker, belonging to the Duke 

 of Wirtemberg." {Hunt. Evel., i. p. 144.) 



Existing Trees of Cdrpinus oitvlut. South of London: in Devonshire, at Endsleigh Cottage, 12 

 ycar^ planted, it is 3011. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft, and of the head 10 ft. ; in Dorsetshire, 

 at Melhury Park, 60 years planted, it is 72 ft. high, girt of trunk 7 ft, and diameter of the head 60 ft. ; 

 in Hampshire, at A Ires ford, 81 years planted, it is 66 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2ft, and of 

 the bead A it. North of London : in Denbighshire, at Llanbede Hall, 50 years planted, it is 56 ft. 

 high, girt of the trunk 8 ft. 4 in., and diameter of the head 86 ft ; in Lancashire, at Latham House, 

 00 yean planted, it in 46 ft. high, diameter of trunk 2 ft. 6 in., and that of the space covered by the 

 branches 61ft.; in Northamptonshire, at Wakefield Lodge, 15 years planted.it is 22ft high, the 

 diameter of the trunk 5 in., and of the head 8 ft ; in Oxfordshire, in the Oxford Botanic Garden, 

 t0 rears planted, it il 26 It high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft, and of the head 20ft. ; in Pem- 

 bire, at Stack pole Court, 60 years planted, it is 5:j ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 6 in., 

 and of the head 60ft. ; in Shropshire, at Willy Park, «) years planted, it is 25ft. high ; in Suffolk, at 

 Finborough Hall, fiO years planted, it is 80ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2ft 3 in., and of the 

 bead PHt. i iii Warwickshire, at ( omlie Abbey, 60 years planted, It is 42 ft high, the diameter of 

 tbc trunk 2 ft., and ol the head 42 ft : in Worcestershire, at Hadzor House, it is 33ft high, with a 

 trunk 5ft. I in. in tfirt ; at (,'roomc, 20 years planted, it is 30ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 10 in., 

 and ol the bead IS ft. ! in Yorkshire, iii Studley Park, there are several trees from 50ft to (i() ft high, 

 .! which have liecn already figured. — In Scotland, near Edinburgh, at Hopetoun House, It is 

 ¥) ft. high, the diameter of trunk 1 ft. 10 in., and of the head 35 ft. South of Edinburgh : in the 

 • I ry of Kirkcudbright, at St. Mary's Isle, it is 48 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 3 ft, and of 



i 47 ft j in Haddingtonshire, ai Tynningbam, diameter of the trunk lit. LOin., and that of 

 the head 30 ft North oi Edinburgh: in Argyllshire, at Toward Castle, lfi yean planted, it is 20 ft. 



high, diameter of trunk fl in. ; in Banffshire, at Gordon Cattle, it is 54ft. high, diameter of trunk 

 n , and of the head SO ft. | in Clackmannanshire, In the garden of the Dollar Institution, 



Vi year- planted, it,isd0ft high j in Perthshire, at Taymouth, 40 years planted, it in no it. high, dia- 

 tnd of head J0A , in Renfrewshire, at I'olloe, it was in I8.T, (i ft. Kin. in circum- 



