CHAP. XIII 



coni'fer/e. /Vnus 



2163 



in Norway on the north ; and 

 from Spain and Britain on the 

 west, to the confines of Siberia 

 and Kamtschatka on the east. 

 It extends into the north, east, 

 and west of Asia ; and, accord- 

 ing to some, it is found at Nootka 

 Sound, in North America. In 

 the south of Europe, it grows 

 at the elevation of 1000 ft. to 

 1500 ft.; in the Highlands of 

 Scotland, at 1400 ft.; and in 

 Norway and Lapland, at 700 ft. 

 In the extreme elevations, as in 

 the extreme limits of its northern 

 range, it assumes the character 

 of a stunted tree, or bush. 

 Mirbel indicates the range of the ■m 

 Scotch pine to be, " Caucasus, 

 Peloponnesus, Calabria, Valen- 

 cia, Pyrenees, Lapland to 70° 

 n. lat., Bucharia; Western Si- 

 beria, on the Oby, under 64°, 

 perhaps beyond; Eastern Si- 

 beria, at the Stananoi Moun- 

 tains, in 62° or 63° ; Kamtschatka, 

 between 55° and 57° ; Dahuria, 

 Japan." The elevation to which 

 it attains on the mountains, ac- 

 cording to the same author, is, 

 in Lapland, under 70°, to 125 

 toises (of about 6 ft. 6 in. each) ; 

 on the Carpathians, to 500; on the Alps of Switzerland and Dauphine, to 

 870; on the Pyrenees, from 600 to 1250; and on the Caucasus, to 900 

 toises (or 3850 ft.) Von Buch considers the space between P. sylvestris and 

 perpetual snow in Nor- 

 way to be 2771 ft.; and 

 that the mean temper- 

 ature where it ceases 

 is 31° of Fahrenheit. 

 Wahlenberg makes the 

 mean temperature of the 

 earth 1° 8' Cel. (ab ou 

 35° Fahrenheit), a nd 

 the elevation 1278 ft., 

 where it ceases in Swe- 

 dish Lapland." (Wat- 

 son's Outlines, &c, p. 

 269.) The Scotch pine 

 is most abundant in the 

 north of Europe, be- 

 tween latitude 52° and 

 65°. There are im- 

 mense forests of it, on 

 even ground, in Poland 

 and Russia, and on hills 

 and mountains in Swe- 

 den, Norway, Germany, 

 the Alps, the Pyrenees, 



