252 Notice of Active and Extinct Volcanos. 



trachyte. The bottom of the hollow was full of water. The 

 ground near has a very strong sulphureous odour. A mile in a 

 S. S. E. direction from this point there are on the table land two 

 large and distinct M niaars," like those of the Eyfel, that is to 

 say, old craters, which have been lakes, and are now covered 

 with a thick coat of marsh plants ; the cattle dare not graze upon 

 them for fear of sinking in. 



" Some miles farther in the same direction is the well known hill 

 of Budoshegy (or hill of bad smell,) a trachytic mountain, near 

 the summit of which is a distinct rent, from which exhale very 

 hot sulphureous vapours. The heat of the ground is such as to 

 burn the shoes. A deposition of sulphur has taken place there, 

 and the rock is converted into alum-stone by the action of the va- 

 pors upon the constituents of the trachyte. In this manner hol- 

 lows are formed in the rock. At the base of the hill are some 

 very fine ferruginous sulphur springs, much resorted to for vari- 

 ous diseases by the inhabitants, who encamp near them in the 

 open air during summer. Chalybeate sulphur springs generally 

 abound at the base of this volcanic range, and chalybeate* with 

 carbonic acid still more. Some of these appeared as good as 

 those of Pyrmont, and the most famous, that of Borsah, a bathing 

 place much resorted to by the Transylvanian nobles, contains 

 more carbonie acid than Pyrmont water itself 



" The craters last described have thrown out a vast quantity 

 of pumice, which now forms a deposit of greater or less thick- 

 ness along the Aluta and the Marosch from Tuschnad to Toplitza. 

 Impressions of plants and some siliceous wood are likewise to be 

 found in it, as is the case in Hungary." 



In Styria, the volcanic appearances are not very remarka- 

 ble — but there are hills of trachyte, surrounded by mantle 

 shaped strata of volcanic tuff consisting " in general of a 

 congeries of very minute fragments of volcanic matter which 

 seem to have been immediately ejected from the volcano, 

 mixed up and looseley agglutinated with small quartz peb- 

 bles. In the midst of it are fragments of cellular and com- 

 pact basaltic lava, sometimes containing nests of olivine. 



Italy. 



Euganean Hills. — Entering Italy, by the side of Venice, 

 and passing to the south of Padua, we come to the Euga- 

 nean Hills, an isolated tract of high ground, in the midst of 

 a level country, consisting of a trachytic formation, similar 

 to that of Hungary, " which from its cellular structure in 

 some cases, and its semi-vitreous aspect in others, would at 

 once be taken for a volcanic product." 



