Notice of Active and Extinct Volcanos. 295 



mountain Awachinski was in activity. It continued for a week 

 to throw out streams of lava with great vehemence. Since that 

 time it usually ejects ashes and scoriae three or four times a year. 



" Besides the ahove, there are said to he two which only emit 

 smoke, and two which are extinct. They appear to be all situa- 

 ted about the southern part of the Peninsula. 



" From Kamtschatka we may, to all appearance, trace a line 

 of volcanic operations along the chain of the Aleutian Islands to 

 the Peninsula of Alaschka in North America, where indications 

 of the same kind are said to occur. Among the Aleutian groupe, 

 Langsdorf has described a rock near the Island of Unalaschka, 

 three thousand feet in height, consisting of trachyte, which made 

 its appearance in 1795, and seems to have been thrown up all at 

 once from the bottom of the ocean, and not formed by succes- 

 sive accumulations of ejected materials." 



" The volcanos of Kamschatka are connected again in the 

 south with those of Japan, by means of the Kurule Islands, where 

 no less than nine active volcanos occur according to Krascheni- 

 nikou. 



" In the islands of Japan ten volcanos have been enumerated, 

 but little is known concerning them." 



" Langsdorff particularly mentions a volcano in Satzuma bay, 

 into the crater of which the Christian proselytes were thrown if 

 they would not renounce their faith, during the severe persecu- 

 tion carried on against them in the last century. 



" From the southern point of Japan, a chain of headlands is 

 continued along the groupe of Loo Choo to Formosa, and thence 

 to the Philippine Islands. 



" Oif Loo Choo, Captain Hall discovered an isolated rock, on 

 which was the crater of a volcano reduced apparently to the 

 condition of a solfatara. Its sides were stratified, as were also 

 the rocks on the south side of the Island, which are penetrated 

 with great dykes of a material more durable than the stone they 

 intersect, and therefore standing out to a considerable distance in 

 relief from the face of the rock. 



" The Island of Formosa is described by Klaproth in Malt- 

 brun's voyages, and in the Asiatic Journal for December, 1824. 

 A high chain of mountains, which is covered with snow in No- 

 vember and December, stretches across the country. Abundance 

 of salt and sulphur is met with, and flames are said to rise occa- 

 sionally from the waters of the lakes and from the ground. 

 There is a tradition as to the summit of one of these mountains 

 having become the seat of a volcano. There is said to be on the 

 top of the mountain, called Pa-lee-fen-shan, a block of iron of 

 the highest antiquity, to which the natives attribute many extra- 

 ordinary qualities. 



