296 Notice of Active and Extinct Volcano*. 



" Lucon one of the Philippine Islands, contains three active 

 volcanos, one of which, Taal, south of Manilla, had an eruption 

 in 1754. 



" The Islands of Fugo, and Magindanao likewise, each con- 

 tain a burning mountain. 



" We know nothing of the volcanos said to exist in Borneo, 

 but it appears that the Andaman Islands, west of Pegu, and 

 north of Sumatra, contain one in activity, called Barren Island, 

 nearly four thousand feet in height, which frequently emits vast 

 columns of smoke, and red hot stones three or four tons in 

 weight." 



In Sumatra, the volcano of Priamang, twenty miles inland 

 from Bencoolen, sends forth smoke, and the inhabitants are 

 alarmed when the vents are tranquil, because they then ex- 

 pect earthquakes. 



In a plain between Bencoolen and Palembang, rises the 

 mountain of Gunong Dempo, twelve thousand feet above the 

 sea, and the highest in the island ; it is almost constantly 

 emitting smoke and hot springs, and other volcanic phenome- 

 na are common in the neighborhood. 



Java, in its whole extent, is penetrated by volcanic moun- 

 tains, rising from five to eleven, and even twelve thousand 

 feet. There are thirty-eight mountains in this range, which 

 however differing in form, in other particulars agree in " hav- 

 ing a broad base, gradually verging towards the summit in 

 the form of a cone." 



"They all rise from a plain but little elevated above the level 

 of the sea, and each must, with very few exceptions, be consid- 

 ered as a separate mountain, raised by a cause independent of 

 that which produced the others. Most of these have been form- 

 ed at a very remote period, and are covered, by the vegetation 

 of many ages ; but the indications and remains of their former 

 eruptions are numerous and unequivocal. The craters of seve- 

 ral are completely extinct ; those of others contain small aper- 

 tures, which continually discharge sulphureous vapours and 

 smoke. Many of them have had eruptions during late years. 

 Almost all the mountains or volcanos in the large series before 

 noticed, are found on examination to have the same general con- 

 stitution ; they are striped vertically by sharp ridges, which, as 

 they approach the foot of the mountain, take a more winding 

 course." 



There are also various ridges of smaller volcanic moun- 

 tains. 



