Notice of Active and Extinct Volcanos. 297 



Professor Daubeny inspected a collection of the modern 

 Savas of Java, and thought them very similar to those of Ve- 

 suvius ; several of them contained leucite, and there were al- 

 so specimens of pitchstone, which, as was stated, formed 

 dykes. Dr. Horsfield relates the following astonishing in- 

 stance of volcanic action : — 



" The Papandayang, situated on the south western part of the 

 island, was formerly one of the largest volcanos, but the greater 

 part of it was swallowed up in the earth, after a short but severe 

 combustion in the year 1772. The account which has remained 

 of this event asserts, that near midnight, between the llth and 

 12th of August, there was observed about the mountain an un- 

 commonly luminous cloud, by which it appeared to be completely 

 enveloped. The inhabitants, as well about the foot, as on the 

 declivities of the mountain, alarmed by the appearance, betook 

 themselves to flight ; but before they could all save themselves, 

 the mountain, began to give way, and the greatest part of it ac- 

 tually fell in, and disappeared in the earth. At the same time a 

 tremendous noise was heard, resembling the discharge of the heav- 

 iest cannon. Immense quantities of volcanic substances, which 

 were thrown out at the same time and spread in every direction, 

 propagated the effects of the explosion through the space of 

 many miles. 



" It is estimated, that an extent of ground, of the mountain it- 

 self, and its immediate environs, fifteen miles long and six broad, 

 was by this commotion swallowed up in the bowels of the earth. 

 Several persons, sent to examine the condition of the neighbor- 

 hood, made report, that they found it impossible to approach the 

 mountain, on account of the heat of the substances which cov- 

 ered its circumference, and which were piled on each other to 

 the height of three feet, although this was the 24th of Septem- 

 ber, and thus full six weeks after the catastrophe. It is also 

 mentioned that forty villages, partly swallowed up by the ground, 

 and partly covered by substances thrown out, were destroyed on 

 this occasion, and that two thousand nine hundred and fifty seven 

 of the inhabitants perished. 



" The mountain of Galoen-gong, which had never been reck- 

 oned among the volcanos of the island, broke out with terrific vi- 

 olence in 1822. The eruption began by a tremendous explosion 

 of stones and ashes, followed by a stream of lava which covered 

 a large tract. Four thousand persons were destroyed." 



In the centre of the plain, which interrupts the large se- 

 ries of volcanos, there is a mud eruption, a large hemisperi- 

 cal mass of black earth and water, about sixteen feet in diam- 



Vol. XIIL— No. 2. 13 



