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under training, after having been originally grafted on 

 strong and tall stocks, or what is called full standard high. 

 Of the apple and pear trees, some were of the cup-shape, 

 with a hoop in the middle ; these were on paradise-stocks, 

 and planted as closely in the quarters as we do gooseberry- 

 bushes. Others were of the flat crown form ; and many 

 were pyramidal. This last mode of training has been occa- 

 sionally practised in Holland for more than a hundred 

 years ; but the French having recently adopted it, and 

 given it eclat, it has now become more frequent. The trees 

 are very handsome, being grafted near the ground, and ha- 

 ving the lower branches somewhat spread, but the suc- 

 cessive branches, upwards, shorter and shorter, till the 

 leading shoot forms an apex. It is scarcely necessary 

 to add, that most of these trees now displayed more or 

 less of their fruit. The cautious Dutchman has thus no 

 occasion to run any risk of being disappointed as to the pe- 

 culiar variety of fruit which he purchases : he may select 

 his trees in the course of the autumn previous to planting, 

 and may see and taste their fruit. These trees, as long as 

 they remain in the nursery, are removed from one spot to 

 another, every third year. Without this precaution, the 

 roots would extend so much, that the removal of the plants, 

 when sold, would be difficult, and the recovery of their vi- 

 gour, or renewal of their growth, would be slow. By rea- 

 son of the frequent removals, however, the roots continue 

 short or bushy, and may even be raised with a ball of earth 

 adhering. The growth of the tree is, at the same time, ren- 

 dered stunted, which seems to be another desirable object with 

 the Dutch nurserymen, at least in regard to many of their 

 fruit-trees. Those trees which had not been removed in the 

 preceding year, bore a considerable crop of fruit at this time ; 

 hut we were also shewn some which, although they had 



