Paris. 477 



close, sometimes within ten feet of each other. For a long 

 time, this peach-espalier was managed according to the 

 " taille de Montrem!,'" and a practised gardener from that 

 village was yearly employed in the pruning. But for some 

 years past it has exclusively been under the direction of 

 Du Fetit-Thouars, who has deviated, in some respects, 

 from the Montreuil mode, and made various experiments 

 on the trees, and particularly on the modes of training and 

 pruning. Some of them have one upright stem, which 

 however has no leading top, the leader having been train- 

 ed horizontally to one side, and the next lower shoot to the 

 opposite side: The principle acted upon is the common 

 one, that fructification takes place only when the top of the 

 tree, including the leader and principal branches, loses its 

 vertically, or when the descending sap is obstructed in the 

 canal which carries it towards the extremities. From the 

 upright stem proceed four tiers of slightly inclined or nearly 

 horizontal branches, each tier being about three feet distant 

 from the other. Such horizontally trained trees are, I 

 think, called pafonetiers. Others have a very short stem, 

 from which are trained two principal branches, slightly in- 

 clined from each other in the V form ; and from these pro- 

 ceed similar horizontal branches, at regular distances on 

 both sides. The principal branches of these trees had, 

 when young, been pruned or disbudded according to the 

 method recommended by M. Sieulle, immediately to be 

 mentioned. Owing to the close planting, the horizontal 

 branches of one tree are frequently intermixed with those 

 of its neighbour on either side. The spaces between the 

 tiers is filled up with small bearing branchlets and young 

 shoots, trained to the wall somewhat in the fan way ; and 

 we doubt not, a certain proportion of these branchlets 

 are yearly removed, and young shoots trained in their 

 room. Several trees have their branches and annual shoots 



