IN ASCENDING REGIONS. 61 



open air in the south and middle of England, but is chiefly- 

 seen against walls or near the sea coast. Magnolias, 

 Fuchsias, and Pelargoniums may also be kept in the open 

 ground, but the latter are usually considered to demand 

 some protection. The Camellia japonica is said (Gar- 

 dener's Magazine) to bear the open air in Devon. Mau- 

 randya Barclay ana, Eccremocarpus scaber, and Nierem- 

 bergia phcenicea succeed in gardens, but require mats or 

 other protection during winter. 



2. The Upland Region is marked by the presence of 

 Arbutus Uva-Ursi, Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea, Polygonum 

 viviparum, Linnaea borealis, Trientalis europaea, Cornus 

 suecica, Corallorhiza innata, Sedum villosum, Oxytro- 

 pis uralensis, Galium boreale, and Listera cordata. Some 

 of them may occur just within the limits of the pre- 

 ceding region ; but if so they indicate a close approach 

 to the uplands; which are more decidedly marked by 

 the appearance of inferalpine species, as Saxifraga 

 aizoides, S. stellaris, Epilobium alsinifolium, Alchemilla 

 alpina, Oxyria reniformis. The higher parts of Dart- 

 moor, Exmoor, and the moors or low hills in the north- 

 east of Yorkshire, and in the English counties bordering 

 on Wales, may be referred to this region. Also the de- 

 clivities and valleys of the Welsh and Lake mountains, 

 of the Penine chain, and the higher hills in the Lowlands, 

 together with the south-eastern bases of the Highland 

 mountains, and the whole low country beyond the Gram- 

 pians, from the shores to the height of 200 to 600 yds, 

 according to situation. Examples may be given in Llan- 

 berris Lakes, Llyn Ogwen, and Llyn Idwell, in Caernar- 

 vonshire ; Watendlath Tarn, and Sparkling Tarn, near the 

 Scawfell Mountains in Cumberland. Loch Lomond, 

 Loch Lubnaig, Loch Tay, Glen Clova, and Castleton of 

 Braemar give an ascending series in the Highlands. The 

 absolute elevation at which species grow is of little im- 



