IN OTHER COUNTRIES. 97 



Sutherland; below 100 yds near Loch Erriboll ; at 250 yds 



near Tongue ; 600 or 650 yds on Ben Nevis. 



Arbutus Uva-Ursi, sea level in the Highlands, not so in England. 



, r . . TT>i . TJ r Very scarce within the region of the plains: 



V accimum Vitis-Idaea. | ' ° 



plentiful above it. Not d 



the south coast of England. 



n 



I th 



,-, . -< plentiful above it. JNot descending 



kmpetrum nigrum. 1 



It hence appears that very few shrubby species cease 

 to grow on the plains before we pass southwards of lati- 

 tude 50°; at least in maritime countries. But they cease 

 upwards at very different elevations on the mountains ; 

 and reverting to our former divisions into ascending 

 zones, we may group the trees and shrubs into a similar 

 scale, as first seen in native situations on descending from 

 the Highland mountains towards the south coast of Eng- 

 land. The following series will suffice for present illus- 

 tration, though it is not improbable that extended know- 

 ledge may render some changes necessary. 



1. Salix herbacea stands alone on the extreme summits. 



2. Vaccinium Myrtillus, V. uliginosum. 



3. Empetrum nigrum, Salix reticulata. 



4. Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea. 



5. Azalea procumbens, Arbutus alpina. 



6. Calluna vulgaris, Betula alba, Pyrus Aucuparia. 



7. Juniperus communis, Pinus sylvestris, Betula nana, Vaccinium 

 Oxycoccos. 



8. Arbutus Uva-Ursi, Erica Tetralix, E, cinerea. 



9. Genista anglica, Rubus Idaeus, Menziesia caerulea (perhaps). 



10. Cytisus scoparius, Andromeda polifolia (probably), Rosa 

 sj)inosissima, Populus tremula, Myrica Gale. 



11. Corylus Avellana, Alnus glutinosa, Lonicera Periclymemuni, 

 Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Crataegus Oxycantha. 



12. Fraxinus excelsior, Ilex Aquifolium, Hedera Helix, Ulmus 

 montana. 



13. Quercus sessiliflora, Prunus Padus, Pyrus Aria, Ribes pe- 

 traeum. 



14. Viburnum Opulus, Quercus Robur (probably), Euonymus 

 europaeus, Rhamnus Frangula, Ononis arvensis, Pyrus Mai us, Sam- 

 bucus nigra, Solanum Dulcamara, Taxus baccata. 



F 



