102 DISTRIBUTION OF BRITISH PLANTS 



Region of the Vines - - -65 — 58§ 



Region of Oaks and Chesnuts - - - 58^—52 



Region of Beech and Fir - - 52 — 45 



Subalpine Region - - - 45 — 40 



Alpine Region - . -40 — 35 



Lichens to Summit - - - - 35 — SO 



Wahlenberg has effected much more laboured and phi- 

 losophical generalisations of the distribution of plants on 

 the mountains of Lapland, the Alps of N. Switzerland, 

 and the Carpathians. In the Flora Lapponica of this 

 philosopher, he has traced six ascending zones or regions 

 from the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia to the snow-clad 

 tops of the Lapland mountains. 



1. (Lap.*) The Lower Wooded Region is marked by 

 the presence of Pinus Abies, and where Lysimachia 

 thyrsiflora, Trifolium pratense, Convallaria majalis, and 

 Nymphaea alba flourish (laete crescunt) ; some of the 

 mountain species also occurring, as the Tofieldia palustris 

 and Saussurea alpina. (The mean annual temperature of 

 the air in this region appears to be about 33°, or less, that 

 of the earth 38°— 36°.) 



2. (Lap.) The Higher Wooded Region is without the 

 species characterising the former region, except that the 

 Pinus Abies still grows. The upper limit of the region is 

 found where this tree ceases to grow in favourable aspects 

 Trifolium repens, Rumex aquaticus, and Nymphaea lutea 

 cease in this region. Salix glauca and S. hastata appear, 

 as also Bartsia alpina and Lychnis alpina on the banks of 

 streams. The cultivation of Barley succeeds well here, 

 but ascends very little higher. The birch unfolds its 



* Abbreviations used in the subsequent table. 



