I« OTHER COUNTRIES. 107 



is estimated to be at 3935 feet, Swedish measure. (The 

 temperature of the earth at this limit is 41° or 40°.) 



3. (Sub.) The Subalpine Region stretches from the 

 limit of the Beech to that of Pinus Abies, fixed at 

 4600 feet. 



4. (Alp.) The Lower Alpine Region extends hence to 

 the upper line of Pinus Mughus (2 feet in stature), at 5600 

 feet above the sea. Polygonum Bistorta grows here. (It 

 would appear from a spring that the temperature of the 

 ground at this height is 38°. 



5. (Sum.) The Higher Alpine Region, above the line 

 of Pinus Mughus, is remarkably sterile. The region 

 extends over 2400 feet of perpendicular height ; in the 

 lower half of which are Vaccinium uliginosum and Em- 

 petrum nigrum. Above 6500 feet the surface is very poor 

 in plants, and almost destitute of snow in summer. 



More completely to bring into comparison or contrast 

 the distribution of plants in Britain and the Middle and 

 North of Europe, I shall add two lower regions to those 

 of Swedish Lapland, namely, Upsal and Berlin. The 

 floras of these two cities will represent intermediate regions 

 between Lapland and N. Switzerland, answering nearly to 

 the Plains and lower part of the Uplands of Britain. The 

 following table represents the range of the British trees 

 and shrubs in the several countries, most of the reputed 

 species of Salix, Rosa, Rubus, and Ulmus being omitted, 

 by reason of the difficulty attending the determination of 

 their synonyms. The 5th column indicates the N. and 

 N.W. limit, as before traced, from Spitzbergen to Britain, 

 in the following order, — Spitzbergen, Port Bowen, N. 

 Greenland 72°— 76°, Whale Fish Islands, Fox Channel, 

 Greenland, Iceland, Faroe, Scotland, England. 



f G 



