INTRODUCTION. 



45 



tionship being kept out of view, except that the species of a genus are kept to- 

 gether, even when they do not possess the artificial character of the order in 

 which they are placed. 



Number of Stamens. 



Artificial System. 



As this system is still followed by many, and especially by those who are 

 commencing the study of botany, and as most systematic works, until within 

 a recent period, are arranged according to it, it is essential that it should be 

 understood, and hence the following brief sketch of it has. been introduced. 



The classes and orders, it will be seen, are wholly founded on the num- 

 ber, position, and connexion of the stamens and pistils. The classes, which 

 are twenty-four in number, are founded upon modifications of the stamens, 

 and have names derived from the Greek, designating these modifications, as 

 follows : 



1. Monandria ; one stamen to each flower. 



2. Diandria ; two stamens. 



3. Triandria ; three stamens. 



4. Tetrandria ; four stamens. 



5. Pentandria ; five stamens. 



6. Hexandria ; six stamens. 



7. Heptandria ; seven stamens. 



8. Octandria ; eight stamens. 



9. Ennea?idria ; nine stamens. 



10. Decandria ; ten stamens. 



11. Dodecandria ; twelve to nineteen stamens 



12. Icosandria ; more than ten stamens, in 

 serted on calyx ; (usually twenty.) 



13. Polyandria ; more than ten stamens ; (usu 

 ally more than twenty ; variable.) 



14. Didynamia ; four stamens, two longest 

 Flowers labiate. 



15. Tetradynamia ; six stamens, four long 

 and two short. Flowers cruciform. 



16. Monadelphia ; filaments united into a sin 

 gle set, tube, or column. 



17. Diadelphia ; filaments united in two sets 

 Flowers papilionaceous. 



18. Polyadelphia ; filaments united in more 

 than three sets. 



19. Sywgenesia ; anthers united into a ring or 

 tube. Flowers compound. 



20. Gywandria ; stamens on the pistil or style. 



21. Moncecia; stamens and pistils in separate 

 flowers, but on the same plant. 



22. Dicecia ; stamens and pistils in separate 

 flowers, and on different plants. 



23. Polygamia ; stamens and pistils, in the 

 same or separate flowers, on the same, 

 or on different plants. 



24. Cryptogamia; stamens invisible or wanting. 



Number and Position. 



Number and relative 

 Length. 



Connexion of Stamens by 

 Filaments or Anthers. 



Position of Stamens as 

 respects the Pistils. 



Invisible, or wanting. 



