CLUSIACEiE. 153 



sion of a flat urabilicate lid. The female flower is unknown. The fruit is a berry about 

 the size of a cherry, round, with a firm reddish-brown external coat, and having a sweet 

 pulp, quadrilocular, surrounded at base by the persistent calyx, and a few abortive sta- 

 mens, and crowned by a four-lobed, tuberculated, sessile stigma ; each of the cells con- 

 tains a single seed. This is large in proportion to the berry, uniform-elliptical, com- 

 pressed on the sides, with a yellowish-brown testa. The cotyledons are thick, and cohere 

 into a uniform cellular mass. The radicle is central, filiform, and slightly curved. 



This tree is a native of Ceylon, where it is called Kama Goraka, and the 

 fruit is eaten by the. natives. It abounds in a yellow resinous juice, which, 

 when hardened, 'is one of the varieties of Gamboge of commerce, that of 

 Ceylon ; and it is probable that the Siam article is furnished by a closely- 

 allied species, as their chemical composition is all but identical. 



Much difference of opinion has existed respecting the tree or trees from 

 whence this gum-resin was derived, one author attributing it to a Garcinia, 

 another to a species of Stalagmitis, &c. Dr. Graham has investigated the 

 subject so fully that a synopsis of his remarks will place the matter in the 

 clearest point of view. He observes that Linnaeus, in his Flora Zeylanica, 

 when noticing his Cambogia, quotes as a synonyme of it the Carcapuli 

 acostce of Plukenett's Almagestum Botanicum ; this Dr. Graham thinks iden- 

 tical with f. 3 t. 147 of his Phytographia, which is Xanthochymus ovalifolius. 

 Linnseus also quotes the " arbor Indica, quae gummi guttam fundit," &c, of 

 Commelin's Flora M'alabarica, which is the Coddam Pulli of Rheede, the 

 Mangostana cambogia of Gsertner, the Garcinia cambogia of Desrousseaux 

 and De Candolle. He also cites " carpapuli acostse, arbor indica," &c, of 

 Burmann, which is Mangostana morella of Gsertner, Garcinia morella, of 

 Desrousseaux and De, Candolle, and the Stalagmitis cambogioides of Moon. 



To add to the confusion, Wight and Arnott state that the Stalagmitis cam- 

 bogioides of Murray is a species of Garcinia, perhaps identical with the G. 

 cochinchinensis of Choisy, the Oxycarpus cochinchinensis of Loureiro; and 

 also that it is the same as the Xanthochymus ovalifolius of Roxburgh. The 

 specimen from which Murray drew up his account of Stalagmitis having, at 

 Dr. Graham's instance, been examined by Mr. Brown, he ascertained that it 

 was made up of two plants, and probably of two genera, the flowering part 

 belonging to Xanthochymus, and the other to the species under consideration, 

 and which Mr. Brown says is very like the specimen in Hermann's herba- 

 rium, which was the type of the Cambogia gutta of Linnaeus. Now by the 

 laws of priority the name given by Roxburgh must cede to that of Stalag- 

 mitis, and as this genus was established on parts of two distinct genera, it 

 must fall to the ground ; and as the plant described by Dr. Graham differs in 

 several important particulars from Garcinia, it must take the name he has 

 bestowed upon it. 



There is still another tree, a native of Malabar, which has been referred by 

 Wight and others to Garcinia. It was first described by Roxburgh (Fl. 

 Ind. ii. 627) as G. pictoria, but is considered by Drs. Graham and Lindley 

 to belong to Hebradendron. It is thus described by Royle {Mat. Med. 304.) 



H. pictorium. — A tall tree, with a pretty thick bark, having considerable masses of 

 gamboge on its inside. Leaves on short petioles, oblong, ventricose, rather acute, from 

 3 to 4 inches long, by 1£ to 2 broad. Flowers yellow, axillary, solitary. Calyx per- 

 manent, of two pairs of concave, obtuse sepals. Petals 4. Stamens from 10 — 15, with 

 the filaments united into four masses, which all coalesce at base into a narrow ring. An- 

 thers of the male flower peltate ; of the female 2-lobed, and seemingly fertile. Germ 

 superior, round, 4-celled, with a single ovule in each, attached to the axis a little above 

 its middle. Stigma 4-lobed, permanent. Berry size of a large cherry, oval, smooth, 

 very slightly marked with 4 lobes, crowned by the permanent stigma. Seeds 4, when 

 all ripen, oblong reniform. 



