RUTACEvE. 193 



ception under the name of Cusparia; a specimen in the mean time having 

 been sent to Willdenow, who considered it to be new, he bestowed upon it the 

 name of Bonplandia, in honour of one of the travellers, and his name was 

 afterwards adopted by them in preference to that proposed by themselves. 

 This has created much confusion, for not only has it been shown that the 

 Angustura bark is derived from one or more species of the Galipea of Aublet, 

 but also that another genus had been previously established by Cavanilles 

 under the name of Bonplandia. This genus has also received many other 

 names; thus it is the Angostura of Roemer and Schultz, the Conckocarpus of 

 Milcan, and the Obentonia of Velloz. 



There has been equal confusion as regards the species ; the officinal bark 

 at one time being considered as the product of the G. cusparia [Bonplandia 

 trifoliata) on the authority of Humboldt and Bonpland, and recognised under 

 fhis name in the various pharmacopoeias ; but the observations of Dr. Han- 

 cock have conclusively shown that although this species may afford an An- 

 gustura bark, that the article known in commerce is derived from another 

 species, to which he has affixed the name of officinalis, which appellation has 

 been adopted in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 



1. G. officinalis, Hancock. — Leaves trifoliate. Racemes stalked, axillary terminal. 

 Fertile stamens 2, sterile 5 ; anthers without appendages. 



Hancock, Trans. Med, Bot. Soc. 1829, 25 ; Lindley, Fl. Med. 211. 



Description. — A small tree not more than twelve to twenty feet in height, and about 

 three to five inches in diameter. The leaves are alternate and petiolate, and consist of 

 three oblong leaflets, pointed at both extremities, on short footstalks, of a bright green 

 colour, and when fresh exhaling a narcotic odour resembling that of tobacco; common 

 petiole as long as the leaflets. The flowers are white, hairy, numerous, and arranged in 

 terminal and axillary racemes, or with long peduncles; they, like the leaves, have an un- 

 pleasant smell. The calyx is somewhat campanulate, 5-cleft, inferior ; the corolla is 

 about an inch in length, composed of five unequal, oblong, obtuse petals, united at the 

 base into a short tube, and somewhat reflexed above. The fertile stamens are two, and 

 the sterile ones five, and linear. The style is erect, with a simple stigma. The fruit 

 consists of five bivalve capsules, with two black seeds in each, one of which is often abor- 

 tive, as are sometimes two or more of the capsules. 



This small tree is found in great numbers in the district of country bor- 

 dering on the Orinoco, at a distance of two hundred miles and upwards from 

 the sea, and at an elevation of from six hundred to a thousand feet. It is known 

 by the natives under the name of Orayuri ; and by the Spanish inhabitants, 

 by that of Cascarilla, or Quina de Carony. It was first described by Dr. 

 Hancock, and proved to be the source of the Angustura bark, as is shown by 

 the character of the bark found in the shops, which is evidently the pro- 

 duct of a shrub or small tnee, and not derived from one of the size of the 

 species noticed by Humboldt and Bonpland. 



2. G. cusparia, De Candolle. — Leaves trifoliate. Sterile stamens three, fertile ones 

 two ; anthers with two appendages. Stigma 5-grooved. 



St. Hilaire in De Candolle, Prod. i. 731 ; Lindley, Flor. Med. 210 ; Cus- 

 paria febrifuga, Humb. & Bonp., Bonplandia trifoliata ; Willd. Act. Berol., 

 1802 ; Angostura cusparia, Roem. & Schultz, iv. 188. 



Description. — A lofty evergreen tree, rising to the height of 60 to 80 feet, with gray 

 bark, and much branched towards the summit. The wood is of a bright-yellow, not un- 

 like the box in appearance and hardness. The branches are alternate, and the upper ones 

 nearly horizontal. The leaves, which have an agreeable odour when fresh, are alternate, 

 about two feet long, independent of the petiole, and composed of three oblong ovate 

 folioles, acuminate at each end, attached to a common petiole of about a foot long. The 

 flowers are in a terminal raceme, composed of alternate peduncles, each from two to six- 



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