CINCHONA CE^E. 367 



quina caraibe. E. peruvianum, a native of the colder parts of Peru, on the 

 Andes, furnishes a very bitter, but somewhat sweet bark, having a nauseous 

 smell. E. souzanum, a native of Brazil, produces a bitter bark, known as 

 Brazil bark, or Quinquina de Piauhi. It colours the saliva yellow, and 

 contains, according to Buchner, an alkaloid, which he calls Esenbeckine. 

 The Pitaya bark, or Quinquina bicohre, is said to be furnished by a tree 

 of this genus. It is stated to contain an alkaloid, on which its discoverers, 

 MM. Folchi and Peretti have bestowed the name of Pitaina. 



Remija. — De Candolle. 



Calyx-tube obovate, limb 5-cleft, permanent. Corolla-tube slender, limb divided into 

 5 linear segments. Filaments unequal. Anthers linear, included. Disk fleshy, ele- 

 vated, truncated, separated from the style. Stigmas 2, linear, included. Capsule open- 

 ing from apex to base, dehiscent, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, winged, peltate. 



The species are slender bushes, with oblong or ovate, coriaceous leaves, 

 deeply furrowed above, opposite or ternate, revolute at the edges, and covered 

 with ferruginous hairs beneath. The stipules are lanceolate, connate, deci- 

 duous. The flowers are in opposite fascicles, on long, axillary, interrupted 

 racemes. The bark of all of them is bitter and febrifuge, and is known 

 under the names of Quina de Serra, or Quina de Remijo. It is used in 

 Brazil in fevers, but is considered inferior to Cinchona. The species best 

 known are the R.ferruginea and R. vellozii (St. Hilaire, PL us. de Bras.) 



Cosmibuena. — Ruiz and Pavon. 



Calyx 5-toothed, campanulate, deciduous. Corolla with a long, curved tube, and a 5- 

 parted limb. Anthers oblong, subsessile, exserted. Stigma bipartite. Capsules oblong, 

 taper, 2-celled, somewhat 4-valved, with a septicidal dehiscence. Seeds surrounded by a 

 membranous, lacerated wing. 



South American trees, with a smooth bark, and ovate leaves, on short 

 petioles. Stipules large, oval, obtuse, erect, deciduous. Flowers white, 

 long, terminal. One species, C. hezandra, affords a bark, known as Rio 

 Janeiro bark, or Quinquina Colorado. It is of indifferent quality, contain- 

 ing a very little cinchonia. It is thin, blood-coloured internally, and exceed- 

 ingly bitter, nauseous, and disagreeable. Gomez states that it is a good 

 febrifuge, but too stimulating to be used in a majority of cases. M. Batka is 

 of opinion that the Kina, nova is also the product of this tree [Jour. Pharm. 

 Berlin, xxvi. 16); but this is usually attributed to the Portlandia grandi- 

 flora. 



Coutarea. — Aublet. 



Calyx-tube turbinate ; limb 6-parted. Corolla infundibuliform, tube short, limb 6-lobed, 

 ventricose. Stamens inserted at the bottom of the throat. Anthers linear, exserted. 

 Capsule coriaceous, obovate, compressed ; valves bifid at their apex. Placentae spongy, 

 at last almost free. Seeds with membranous wings. 



Shrubs or trees found in South America, having ovate leaves, and large, 

 showy flowers. One species, C. speciosa, is said to afford a febrifuge bark 

 of considerable powers. This is probably the Guiana bark ; but it is im- 

 possible to speak with certainty, as there is much confusion and uncertainty 

 on the subject. This has arisen from the Portlandia hexandra having been 



