378 MEDICAL BOTANY. 



leaves. Calyx-tube long-, narrow, tomentose ; limb cyathiform, spreading away from the 

 corolla, pubescent, with 5 shallow, blunt teeth. Corolla long, externally tomentose ; tube 

 somewhat curved ; limb valvate, tomentose, not stupose. Anthers inserted in the throat. 

 Fruit cylindrical, long", smooth, not ribbed. 



Pavon, MS. in Herb. Lamb. ; Lindley, Flor. Med. 426 ; C. pavonii, 

 Lambert, Illus. 8. 



Grows in the neighbourhood of Quito. All further that is known of it is, 

 that it is said to be called Canela. 



Species imperfectly known. 



These, as enumerated by Dr. Lindley, are 



22. C. dichotoma, Ruiz and Pavon. — Flor. Peruv. 11, 53, 1. 197. — Grows on the Andes. 

 It is very uncertain whether this is a Cinchona. Ruiz and Pavon say that it has the 

 reputation of being one of the Quinasjinas. 



23. C. macrocalyx, De Candolle, Prod. iv. 353. 



24. C. crassifolia, Pavon in De Candolle, Prod. iv. 354. 



25. C. pelaba, Pavon in De Candolle, Prod. iv. 355. — Possibly C. rotundifolia. 



26. C. muzonensis, Gondot in De Candolle, Prod. iv. 355. 



Martius has described three others (Pharm. Cent. Blatt. 1831), under the 

 names of C. bergeniana, C. lambertiana, and C. macrocnemia, and Bentham 

 (Walper's Repert.) one, C. ronaima. 



Cinchona was so named by Linnaeus, in compliment to the Countess of 

 Cinchon, the wife of the then Viceroy of Peru, who was cured of an 

 ague by it, and brought some of the remedy to Europe in 1640; hence 

 it was called Pulvis comitissce. But the history of its discovery is in- 

 volved in doubt, and many fables have been invented as respects it. 

 The natives of the country, who called the trees kina or kinken, attached 

 no febrifugal importance to the bark, and are even now said to entertain a 

 prejudice against its use. Humboldt is of opinion, that the most probable 

 explanation of the discovery of its virtues, is one that he found current at 

 Loxa. That the Jesuit missionaries endeavoured to ascertain the qualities 

 of different plants by the taste, which led them to notice the remarkable 

 bitterness of that of the Cinchona, and hence were induced to make trial of 

 it as a febrifuge in the intermittent fevers so prevalent in Peru. The suc- 

 cessful results of their experiments led them to make the article known in 

 Europe, and for a long time they were the sole vendors of it, whence its 

 name of Jesuits' bark. 



As before stated, the Cinchonas are found on the Andes, principally in 

 Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru, or from 11° N. to 20° S. latitude ; but the extent 

 to which they extend to the eastward has not been ascertained, except that a 

 species has been found by Mr. Bentham in Guiana. Their greatest preva- 

 lence appears to be to the west of the Andes, where they occur at elevations 

 varying from 1200 to 10,000 feet ; the most esteemed kinds are in dry situa- 

 tions, and at an average height of about 6000 to 8000 feet, and at an average 

 temperature of about 68° F. 



The mode in which the bark is gathered varies somewhat in different parts 

 of the country ; though on one point all are agreed, that the quality and ap- 

 pearance depend much on the celerity with which it is dried. Full informa- 

 tion on this subject and on the bark districts, will be found in a memoir by Pop- 

 pig {Companion to Bot. Mag. 1), and in Stevenson's Narrative of a Twenty 

 Years' Residence in South America, as well as the Quinologia of Ruiz and 

 Pavon. Cinchona is imported in chests or seroons from various ports on the 



