604 



MEDICAL BOTANY. 



Pinus. — Linn. 



Flowers monoecious. Sterile flowers : catkins racemose ; stamens short ; anthers crest- 

 ed, 2-celled, with a longitudinal dehiscence (sometimes 1-celled). Fertile : catkins soli- 

 tary, or from 2 — 3. Scales imbricated, with membranous bracteoles. Ovules 2, at the 

 base of the scales, collateral, inverted, their points lacerated and turned downwards. 

 Scales of strobile hard, woody, and truncated, hollowed at base for the reception of the 

 seeds. Seeds prolonged into a membranous wing. 



Mostly tall resiniferous trees, with verticillated branches, furnished with 

 evergreen, fascicled leaves, surrounded at base with a membranous sheath. 

 The species are ^ery numerous, and all afford turpentine and resin ; but the 

 principal portion of these products is obtained from the following: 



1. P. palustris, Willdenow. — Leaves in threes, very long; sheaths pinnatifid, scaly, 

 persistent. Strobiles sub-cylindrical, armed with prickles. 



Willdenow, Sp. PL iv. 499; Nuttall, Gen. 223; P. australis, Michaux, 

 N. A. Syl. iii. 133. 



Common Names. — Yellow Pine ; Pitch Pine ; Long-leaved Pine. 



A very large tree, indigenous to the southern portions of the United States. 

 This species- furnishes the greatest proportion of Turpentine obtained in this 

 country. 



2. P. t,eda, Willdenow. — Leaves in threes, elongated ; sheaths elongated ; strobiles ob- 

 long-conical, deflexed, shorter than the leaves ; spines inflexed. 



Willdenow, Sp. PL iv. 498 ; Michaux, N A. Syl iii. 156 ; Nuttall, Gen. 

 223. 



Common Names. — Loblolly Pine ; Old-field Pine. 



This is also a tall tree, and is abundant to the southward. It yields much 

 Turpentine, but not as fluid as that from the preceding species. 



3. P. rigida, Michaux. — Leaves in threes ; sheath short ; strobiles ovate, scattered or 

 clustered; spines of the scales reflexed. 



Common Names. — Black Pine ; Pitch Pine. 



This is a tolerably large tree, 

 found in many parts of the United 

 States ; it also produces much Tur- 

 pentine, and is one of the species 

 used for the extraction of Tar. 



4. P. sylvestris, Linn. — Leaves in 

 pairs. Sheaths spirally disposed, lace- 

 rated. Strobiles ovate-conical, about as 

 long as the leaves. Scales tessellated, 

 unarmed. 



Fig. 266. 



Linn., Sp. PL 1418 ; Lambert, 

 Pin. t. 1 ; Loudon, Arbor et. 2153. 



Common Names. — Scotch Fir; 

 Red Deal, &c. 



A native of sandy hills and woods 

 in Europe, north of the Alps. It 

 yields the larger part of " European 

 Common Turpentine." 



5. P. pumilis, Willdenow. — Leaves in pairs, short, straight. Strobiles ovate, obtuse, 

 very small. 



Willdenow, Sp. PL iv. 495 ; Lambert, Pin. t. 2 ; Loudon, Arboret,2186 ; 

 Lindley, Flor. Med. 553. 



P. sylvestris. 



