CHAP. II. BRITISH ISLANDS. 53 



the red cedar, the Constantinople nut, and the tulip tree. Only 

 three of these are from North America. 



In 1683, twenty plants were introduced, by James Sutherland, 

 first curator of the botanic garden of Edinburgh, Bishop Comp- 

 ton, and Parkinson. Among these were, the A^cev ^latanokles, 

 the American spindle tree, the kermes oak, the dwarf almond, 

 the scarlet thorn, the JLaurus Benzoin, the liquidambar, the 

 Aleppo pine, and the cedar of Lebanon. The principal authority 

 is Sutherland's Catalogue of the Plants in the Edinburgh Botanic 

 Garden, published in 1683. 



From the year 1688 to the year 1700 inclusive (James IL, 

 and William and Mary), thirty-one species were introduced, 

 by Bishop Compton, the Honourable Charles Howard, the 

 Duchess of Beaufort, Jacob Bobart, son of the first super- 

 intendent of the Oxford Botanic Garden, and others. The au- 

 thorities are to be found in Ray's Historia Plantarum, in the 

 Phytographia of Plukenet, and in Bobart's Historia Plantarum 

 Oxoniensis, The titles of all these catalogues, and several others 

 used as authorities for the dates of the introduction, or rather 

 first record, of plants, are given in the preface to the second 

 edition of the Hortus Ke'wensis. 



The botanists to whom the British arboretum was most indebted 

 during the seventeenth century were, Parkinson, Tradescant 

 junior, Ray, and Sutherland ; and the principal botanical ama- 

 teurs were, the Bishop of London and the Duchess of Beaufort. 

 Parkinson was born in 1567, and was contemporary with Gerard 

 and L'Obel. He possessed a rich garden, and was appointed 

 apothecary to James I. He appears to have died somewhere 

 about 1650. John Tradescant junior inherited his father's 

 museum, and published a catalogue of it, entitled Museum 

 Tradescantianum, in 1656. He died in 1662, bequeathing the 

 museum to Mr. Ashmole, who lodged in his house, and whose 

 name the museum now, " unjustly," as Pulteney remarks, bears 

 in Oxford, where it is deposited. John Ray was born at Black 

 Notley, near Braintree in Essex, in 1628. His father, though a 

 blacksmith, contrived to give him a college education. At 

 college, he imbued the minds of some of his companions with a 

 taste for plants, and he pursued this taste himself at every leisure 

 opportunity. In 1660 he was ordained deacon and priest, and 

 after this time he made various journeys throughout Britain, 

 and visited the Continent. He was the author of numerous 

 works, the principal of which relating to plants are, his General 

 History of Plants, his Methodus Plantarum, and his Synopsis 

 Mcthodica Stirpium Britannicarum. He died in 17 04-, at his 

 birthplace, at the age of 76. 



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