CHAP. III. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 149 



120 years planted; and of Platanus orientalis, 100 years planted. Pinus £tr6bus, 

 80 years planted, is 100 ft. high. Many of the old trees are in a state of de- 

 cay, but the present baron still keeps up the collection by planting young 

 ones; and he adds continually to the species, appearing to be as enthusiastically 

 devoted to trees and shrubs, and to gardening generally, as his grandfather. 

 At Harbcke, Count Veltheim's, there are many old foreign trees and shrubs, 

 and a very full collection of young ones. 



At Worlitz there is what is generally considered the fullest collection of 

 old specimens of American trees in Germany ; and there they thrive re- 

 markably well on a loamy soil, in a situation damp but not very wet. Many 

 of these trees produce seeds, which are sent to all parts of Germany. 

 These trees, we are informed by M. Schoch, the Duke of Dessau's garden 

 director (and the son of the director of the same name who laid out 

 and planted the garden), were raised on the spot, from seeds brought from 

 England by the Duke Leopold Frederick Francis, who formed the garden 

 between the years 17G0 and 1770. A minute and accurate account of all the 

 trees in the garden has been kindly sent us by M. Schoch, with remarks on 

 their different degrees of hardiness, which are very interesting. It appears 

 that the cedar of Lebanon, the common laurel, the Portugal laurel, and even 

 the spurge laurel, require protection during every winter; and that the Thuja 

 orientalis, the different varieties of common tree box, the Crataegus Pyracan- 

 tha, the common holly, the A^cev creticurn, the Negundo, the iE'sculus PaWa 

 and flava, the Aildntus glandulosa, the ^mygdalus communis, the Celtis Tour- 

 nefortzi, the Cercis Siliquastrum and canadensis, the Taxodium distichum, 

 the Cytisus Laburnum, the Castanea vesca, the tulip tree, the Moms alba and 

 nigra, the Broussonetia, the Platanus orientalis, the Caragana arborescens, 

 the Robinia inermis and viscdsa, the Sophora japonica, and the »Salix babylo- 

 nica, are all killed down to the surface of the ground when the cold is from 

 20° to 25° of Reaumur, but that they spring up again the following year from 

 the root. Of this list, those which suffer the least are, the holly, the box, the 

 laburnum, the deciduous cypress, and Robinia inermis. It is to be observed, 

 that 25° Reaumur, which is exactly 25° below Fahrenheit, is a degree of 

 cold never experienced in any part of either Britain or Ireland, though 

 "Worlitz is about half a degree south of London, and the whole of Scotland is 

 farther north than any part of Germany. Worlitz has been described and 

 praised by the Prince de Ligne, and, till within the last twenty years, was con- 

 sidered one of the very first places in Germany. A description, at length, of 

 these gardens, translated from an account of them published by the present di- 

 rector, Schoch, will be found in our Encyclopcedia of Gardening, edit. 1835, 

 p. 188.; and a particular account of the more remarkable trees that they con- 

 tain is given in the Transactions of the Prussian Horticultural Society, vols. iv. 

 and v. 



At Schonbrunn, which was planted soon after Schwobbache, there are se- 

 veral fine specimens of trees, and in particular a Salisbun'a, between 50 ft. and 

 GO ft. high, which was received from Loddiges' Nursery, and planted there 

 in 1781 (Jacquin Uebcr den Ginkgo^ p. 3.); a Sophora japonica, between 

 80 ft. and 90 ft. high ; Liriodendron Tulipifera, between 70 ft. and 80 ft. 

 high ; yf cer striatum, between 30 ft. and 40 ft. high, with a trunk 18 in. in 

 diameter; JE'sculus Hippocastanum, between 90ft. and 100ft. high; 

 M. Pavia and JE. flava, between 30ft. and 40ft. high; Kolreuterca, 60ft. 

 high ; RobimVz Pseud-^cacia, 60 ft. high ; Gleditschia triacanthos, 70 ft. high ; 

 Praxinus /entiscifolia and O'rnus europae^a, about 40ft. high; Catdlpa, be- 

 tween 30 ft. and 40 ft. high ; Jiiglans regia, between 60 ft. and 70 ft. high ; 

 Populus dilatata, upwards of 90 ft. high ; Platanus orientalis, between 70 ft. 

 and 80 ft. high; ./fbies excelsa, 90ft. high; Larlx europae N a, 60ft. high. 

 The cedar of Lebanon, the jLaurus nobilis, the Arbutus, the Diospyros, the 

 Photinia, the Aristoteh'a, and some other trees, do not stand the open air at 

 Vienna ; and some of the magnolias, the Cercis, the Halesia, the Nyssa, the 

 fig, and several others, though they stand out, require protection. 



