158 



HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. 



PART I. 



64 ft. The ^'lnus glutinosa, at 44 years, was 67 ft. in height. A Populus 

 tremula, of 78 years' growth, was 74 ft.; and one of 90 years' growth was 

 71ft.; the diameter of the trunk being in the latter case 14 in., and in the 

 former 12 in. It may be observed of all these trees, that they have stood 

 very close together, so that the diameter of the trunk is generally very small 

 in comparison with its height. 



The following trees and shrubs are" found to stand the open air in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Moscow. By comparing this list with that given above of the 

 trees and shrubs which will stand the open air in the neighbourhood of St. 

 Petersburg, the reader will be able to ascertain what are the very hardiest 

 trees and shrubs of temperate climates, and .of high latitudes. 



Cotoneaster vulgaris; Pyrus melanocarpa, 

 communis, Malus, haccata, prunifbiia, ovalis. 



Caprifoliacece. Cornus alba, sangui'nea, sericea ; 

 -Sambucus racembsa, nigra ; Fiburnum O'pu- 

 lus, rbsea, Lantana. 



Olcacete. Praxinus excelsior, alba, tomentbsa. 



~Elceagnece* iftppophae Rhamnbldes, Plaeagnus 

 songarica. 



Vlmdcece. [7'lmus effusa, campestris, sativa. 



Saliclnece. Salix babylonica, and almost all the 

 other species; all the species of poplar except 

 dilatata. 



Betulineee. A'\nns inca"na, glutinbsa ; P£tu1a 

 alba, nana, nigra. 



Cupuliferce. Corylus ^vellana, cornuta ; Quer- 

 cus Ttbbur. "Both the British oaks (Q. Pbbur 

 and sessiliflbra) are included in the Flora 

 Mosquensis. — H. C. Watson. Feb. 6. 1836." 



Conifcrce. Junfperus Sablna, Thuja occiden- 

 tals ; Plnus sylvestris, Cera&ra, Strbbus, mon- 

 tana ; /f bies excelsa, alba, Plchta, canadensis, 

 nigra, rubra, balsamifera; Zarix communis. 



Tiliacea. 7Ylia europse'a. " Tilia europas'a 

 probably means T. parvifblia, which appears 

 the most northern species or variety of Tflia. 

 The Flora Mosquensis gives T. parvifblia ' in 

 sylvis, nemoribusque ; ' T. grandifblia, only ■ ad 

 pagos, in hortis ; ' while T. europa^a is not 

 named at all. — H. C. Watson. Feb. 6. 1836." 



Acerinece. A'cei Pseudo-Platanus. 



Hippocastctnea. ^E'sculus Hippocastanum. 



Celastrinece. JSuonymus europae % us and verru- 

 cosus. 



Rhdmnece. iZhamnus catharticus and Fran- 

 gula. 



Leguminbsce. Cytisus Laburnum, capitatus, 

 ruthenicus, sessilifblius, nigricans ; Caragnna 

 frutescens, acutifblia [?], obtusif blia [?], spi- 

 nbsa. 



Amygddlecs. >4m^gdalus nana ; Primus domes- 

 tica, spinbsa ; Cerasusduracina, avium, Padus. 



Pomticece. Sorbus aucuparia, domestica, AWa. ; 

 Cratae s gus Oxyacantha, tomentbsa, grandi- 

 flbra lucida, coccinea ovalif blia, monogyna ; 



Deleuze mentions Dimidow as having the richest botanic garden in Russia, 

 and as having sent to the Paris garden many fine trees and shrubs, natives of 

 Siberia. Among these were, Caragdna Altagdna, C. pygmae^a, and Halimo- 

 dendron argenteum. The catalogue of Dimidow's collection was published 

 in 1786, soon after which the proprietor died, and the collection was dis- 

 persed. The richest collection in 1814 was that at Gorinki, which suffered 

 greatly when the French were in possession of that part of the country, and 

 has since been destroyed or neglected. The gardens in the neighbourhood of 

 Moscow, though they do not contain a great number of ligneous species, are 

 not without some of very considerable size ; more especially the common or 

 Scotch pine, the birch, the white poplar, the ash, the common elm, and the 

 white willow. This last tree, in the south of Russia, is planted in straight 

 lines of apparently interminable lengths, to indicate the road across those 

 immense steppes, over which a traveller may proceed a whole day without 

 seing any other trace of civilisation than these trees and the post stations. 

 At least we found this to be the case in 1814. M. Fintelman, one of the 

 imperial gardeners at Moscow, visited Britain during the summer of 1835, 

 with a view to add to the collection under his care ; and he informed us 

 that the proprietors of gardens in his neighbourhood are most assiduous in 

 the improvement of their grounds, and are most anxious to plant in them 

 every tree and shrub that they think at all likely to endure the climate. 



Warsaw, being three degrees further south than Moscow, enjoys a climate 

 better adapted for the introduction of foreign trees and shrubs ; and a con- 

 siderable collection was introduced into the botanic garden there soon after the 

 general peace. On looking over the catalogue of this garden, published by 

 M. Schubert in 1824, we find that the greater number of trees and shrubs 

 which stand the open air in Berlin also do so at Warsaw; but that the Por- 

 tugal laurel, the common laurel, the laurustinus, the rhododendron, the tree 

 box, the furze, and the broom, are not hardy; and that the ivy and the common 

 holly require protection durfng severe winters. Magnolia tripetala and acu- 

 minata stand against a wall, with protection, as does also the tulip tree. 

 Crataegus punctata, orientalis, Crus-galli, /;yrifolia, coccinea, cordata, glandu- 



