CHAP. III. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 161 



C/wnopodece. Salsola prostrata. 



Mricdcece. Erica herbacea, arbdrea ; Rhododendron ferrugineum, hirsutum. 

 Composite. Artemisia Jbrotanum, 7/clichrysum £tce v chas. 

 CaprifolidceS. Loniceivz nigra, Xylostcum, alpigena, caerulea ; C'aprifolium 

 etruscnm, 6ambucus racemosa. 

 Cornecc. Corn us mas. 



* 'Etbcnaccce. ZJiospyros Lotus. 



* Sasminece. Jasminum officinale. 



* Qleacece. Syringa vulgaris. 



Labidtce. J/yssopus officinalis, Lavandula Spica, Teucrium montanum, 

 -Rosmarinus officinalis, /Salvia officinalis. 



Coniferce. Pinus MughuSy pumilio, Cembra; ^4 v bies Pfcea, excelsa; Zarix 

 europae v a, Juniperus Sabina, Ephedra distachya. 



An extremely interesting account of the indigenous and exotic trees of 

 Switzerland, kindly prepared for us by M. Alphonse De Candolle, will be 

 found in the twelfth volume of the Gardener's Magazine; and to that we must 

 refer for the geographical distribution of the indigenous .species, confining 

 here ourselves to an extract from it respecting the more remarkable native 

 trees, and those which are exotic. 



The exotic trees cultivated in Switzerland have been introduced by degrees 

 as ornamental plants ; those now most common are, the horsechestnut, the 

 catalpa, the tulip tree, several kinds of limes and maples, and the cedar of 

 Lebanon. Till the beginning of the present century these trees were planted 

 only by proprietors who had some connexions or commercial dealings with 

 other countries, particularly with England. There were scarcely any nurser}'- 

 men or botanic gardens at Zurich, Basle, Geneva, or Berne, but what were 

 reduced to confined spots in the interior of the fortified towns, and which, 

 consequently, could have little influence on the culture of trees in the 

 country. 



This state of things has changed greatly within the last twenty years. The 

 new botanic garden of Geneva, planted in 1818, in a less confined situation 

 than the old one, and confided to the care of M. De Candolle, has presented 

 to the public a numerous collection of trees and shrubs, especially of fruit trees, 

 chiefly from the nursery of the Messrs. Baumann at Bollwyller. The sight of 

 this garden, which is constantly open to the public, excited the zeal of pro- 

 prietors, and soon made them anxious to form plantations of various kinds of 

 trees. This gave encouragement to the nurserymen, and their establishments 

 became, in consequence, greatly extended, and their number increased. The 

 season of peace and security which has followed a long period of war, has pro- 

 duced nearly the same result throughout all Switzerland. The number of 

 country seats has greatly increased, particularly near the towns, and, more 

 especially, in the cantons of Geneva, Vaud, Basle, and Berne ; and a number 

 of parks and groves have been planted, which now ornament the country. In 

 the environs of Geneva, for example, the sale of trees and shrubs is four or five 

 times as great now, as it was about twenty years ago. 



The largest nursery in Switzerland at present is supposed to be that of Messrs. 

 Dailledouze, at Sacconex, near Geneva, which may be fairly estimated now to 

 contain nearly 1000 ligneous species, in the botanic sense of the word species; 

 and above 2000 species and varieties, if we count among the number the prin- 

 cipal modifications of fruit trees, roses, and azaleas. The other public and pri- 

 vate gardens of Switzerland contain few varieties, especially of the hardy kinds, 

 which are not in the nursery of Messrs. Dailledouze. In adding, then, about 

 200 species to those which are to be found in this nursery, and counting 

 about eighty indigenous ligneous plants, which have not been taken into cul- 

 tivation, we shall find that the whole ligneous flora of Switzerland amounts to 

 about 1300 species. The result of this approximated calculation shows that, 

 from foreign commerce and improved cultivation, five or six times as many 

 species of trees and shrubs are now grown in Switzerland, as existed there 

 originally. 



o :i 



