178 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. PARTI. 



haps, be received from the interior of the country, and from the African 

 islands ; but, considering that the floras of these islands, and of Egypt and 

 Southern Africa, have been pretty fully explored, our hopes of further ad- 

 ditions, fit to endure our climate, are not very sanguine. 



The trees and shrubs of temperate climates introduced into Africa must 

 necessarily be very few ; and till lately they were limited, perhaps, to a few 

 shrubs in the gardens of the British consuls. Since the introduction of Euro- 

 pean improvements into Egypt, however, the pacha has established an English 

 garden under the care of an English gardener, Mr. Traill, who is endeavouring 

 to acclimatise the plants and trees both of temperate and tropical climates. 

 Algiers, which came into possession of the French in 1830, is receiving from 

 that nation of naturalists many European plants ; as appears in detail in the 

 Annates de la Societe a" Horticulture de Paris for 1831, and in the Gardener's 

 Magazine, vol. xi. p. 632. A nursery has been established by the French 

 authorities, which is said to contain 25,000 trees, bushes, and plants, for the 

 purpose of experiment and naturalisation. It occupies 80 acres, and is under 

 the care of a director and twenty men. Such an establishment may be re- 

 ferred to as one worthy of imitation in colonising a new country. 



Sect. III. Of the Indigenous and Foreign Trees and Shrubs of 



America. 



By far the greatest and most interesting accessions to the British arbo- 

 retum have been received from North America ; but, as some hardy species 

 have also been received from the southern division of that immense country, 

 we shall devote a subsection to each. 



Subsect. 1. Of the Indigenous and Foreign Trees and Shrubs of North 



America. 



The introduction of woody plants from North America into Britain may 

 be said to have commenced with the missionaries sent out by Compton, Bishop 

 of London, about the end of the seventeenth century, and to have continued 

 without interruption ever since. Some species were, doubtless, introduced 

 by Sir Walter Raleigh and others ; but the practice of sending out collectors 

 to send home objects of natural history undoubtedly began about the period 

 we have mentioned. We have seen, in preceding parts of this history, that 

 Bannister, Catesbv, Garden, John and William Bartram, Andre Michaux, 

 Fraser, Lyon, and Douglas are the names of the collectors to whom we are 

 chiefly indebted : and that Compton, the Duke of Argyll, Lord Petre, the 

 Duke of Richmond, Ellis, Dr. Uvedale, Dr. Fothergill, and, above all, that 

 most excellent man Peter Collinson, a quaker and linendraper, were the prin- 

 cipal amateurs. These gentlemen, and Gray, Gordon, and other nurserymen, 

 in Britain, and Du Hamel, Lemonnier, and Marechal de Noailles, in France, 

 were the principal persons who encouraged the collectors. Much, also, is due 

 to those American and European authors who have explored the interior 

 of the civilised portion of America, and published the result of thei*- labours. 

 From the Flora of Pursh, edit. 1814, we have made the following enumeration 

 of the woody plants of North America not indigenous to Britain. 



'Kanunculdccce. ^.tragene americana ; Clematis virginica, cordata, holose- 

 ricea Walter/, crispa, reticulata, Viorna, Catesbya?2« ; Xanthorhiza apiifolia. 



Winteriiceae. Illicium floridanum, parviflorum. 



MagnoliiiceBe. Magnob'a grandiflora elliptica, grandiflora obovata, grandi- 

 flora lanceolata, glauca, longitolia, macroph ylla, tripetala, acuminata, cordata, 

 auriculata, pyramidata ; Liriodendron Tulipifera, T. var. obtusiloba. 



Anonaceae. Asimina triloba, parviflora, pygmae v a, grandiflora. 



Menisjiermdccce. Menispermum canadense, c. var. lobatum ; Cocculus 

 carolinus, Schizandra coccinea. 



Berberideae. Bcrberis canadensis, Mahonia, ^Lquifolium, nervosa. 



Cistincce. Hudsonia t'ricoides. 



