CHAP. IV. ASIA, AFRICA, AMERICA, AUSTRALIA. 185 



Pinus inops, pungens, and Ts^da are seen ; and on more fertile sheltered 

 situations we find the Canadian Judas tree (Cercis canadensis), Zaurus Ben- 

 zoin and Sassafras, 2?u6nymus atro-purpureus, with nettle trees, witch hazels, 

 and mulberries ; also a vast variety of other dwarf-growing trees and shrubs." 

 (Quart. Journ. of Ag., vol. v. p. 605.) These observations of Mr. Brown and 

 Mr. Macnab are well calculated to give an arboriculturist an idea of what he 

 might expect to meet with, in travelling in the northern states of North 

 America. Those who have leisure to pursue the subject, and who wish to 

 form an idea of the scenery of the southern states, may consult Bartram's 

 Travels , already referred to p. 86. ; Dwight's Travels in New England; and 

 some interesting articles communicated by American correspondents to the 

 Magazine of Natural History, more particularly in vol.vi. p. 97. and vol. viii. 

 p. 529. 



We include Mexico in North America, and have great hopes that some 

 additions may be made to the British arboretum, from the mountainous 

 regions of that extensive country. Some magnificent specimens of Coniferae 

 are said to exist in it, particularly an evergreen taxodium of enormous height. 

 Dr. Coulter, it is believed, has discovered several new species of pines and 

 firs, which are likely to prove hardy in Britain, as are almost all the resinous 

 trees of other countries. 



Subsect. 2. Of the Indigenous and Foreign Trees and Shrubs of South 



America. 



Teie trees and shrubs furnished by South America to the British flora are 

 only 22: nor can it be supposed that that number will be materially increased, 

 the botany of the country having been very generally explored by different 

 botanists. Our hopes are chiefly from the temperate zones of the loftier 

 mountains, and from the shores of the sea and the larger rivers. Mr. Mathews, 

 who has been several years in South America as a natural history collector, 

 speaks 'of lofty mountain ranges covered with forests, which have never 

 yet been penetrated by civilised man. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 636.) The 

 ligneous vegetation, however, of South America appears to be much less varied 

 than that of North America, and to consist chiefly, in the warmer parts of the 

 country, of palms, and in the more temperate regions, of pines, firs, and other 

 Coniferae. 



With respect to the introduction into South America of trees and shrubs 

 which are foreign to it, we find that the same tendency to equalisation of pro- 

 ducts has taken place here, as has been the case everywhere else where civilised 

 man has established himself. European and North American trees and shrubs 

 are to be found more or less in the government gardens of Rio de Janeiro, 

 Buenos Ayres, the Caraccas, and other places, and in the gardens of old 

 established European merchants and government officers. The tea shrubs of 

 China, the mulberry, the mango of India, the peach of Persia, the pine-apple 

 of Africa, properly a ligneous plant, and the apple of Europe, are all to be 

 found in the neighbourhood of Rio. 



Sect. IV. Of the Indigenous and Foreign Trees and Shrubs of 

 Australia and Polynesia. 



The British arboretum has not yet received many additions from these ex- 

 tensive and little known regions ; nor can it be conjectured whether they are 

 likely to contain much that is suitable for our purpose, till something more is 

 known respecting the height of the mountains in the interiors of the islands, 

 especially of that of New Zealand. Very few ligneous plants have hitherto 

 been introduced from the latter country ; but, if, as there is reason to believe, 

 the interior consists of a chain of mountains with their summits buried in per- 

 petual snow, we may hope to reap a considerable harvest when they'have been 

 explored by botanists. Something also may reasonably be expected from Van 



