CHAP. XXI. //YPERICA'CEiE. ^NDROSiE v MUM. 403 



p. ell.} An undcrshrub 1 ft. in height, a native of Carolina ; introduced in 181 1, and producing 



its yellow flowers in July and August. Somewhat tender. 



App. i. Other Species of Hypericum. 



The only truly hardy shrubby species of Hypericum are, H. datum, //. hir- 

 cinurn, H. calycinum, H. Kahmdnitm, and H. prolificum. The other hardy 

 species are of such low growth, that they may be considered, for all practical 

 purposes, as herbaceous plants. The same may be said of a number of the 

 half-hardy species. The number of these might be increased partly by the 

 addition of H. ripens and H. linearifolium, from the south of Europe ; by 

 several species from North America, which will be found noticed in p. 179.; 

 and by a few from Africa. H. oblong/folium, in the list, p. 173., appears to 

 have been lost ; and there are, probably, some other Himalayan species which 

 will prove half-hardy. H. japdnicum Dec. (Royle t. 24. f. 2.) is a plant enjoying 

 a very extended distribution, being found in situations where the snow 

 covers the soil for nearly six months in the year, along the Himalayas, and 

 on the Neelgherries. It is also found in Japan. (Royle" s Must., p. 131.) 



Genus II. 



^NDROSJE'MUM Chois. The Androstemum, or Tutsan. Lin. Sysl. 

 Polyadelphia Polyandria. 



Identification. Chois. Prod. Hyp., 37. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 543. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 601. 



Synonymes. .Hypericum L. ; Androseme, Fr. ; Johanniskraut, Ger. 



Derivation. From aner, andros, a man, and haima, blood ; the capsules, when crushed between the 

 fingers, giving out a blood-coloured juice. Tutsan is a corruption of toute saine, all heal ; and 

 it was applied to the plant formerly from its supposed vulnerary properties. 



Gen. Char., Spc. Capsule baccate ; usually 1-celled. Calyx 5-parted, with un- 

 equal lobes. Petals 5. Styles 3. Stamens numerous, disposed in 3 sets. 

 (Don's Mill., i. p. 601.) — An evergreen suffruticose plant, with sessile 

 leaves, and terminal stalked flowers. 



n. 1. A. officinale Allioni. The officinal Androsaemum, or common Tutsan. 



Identification. All. Ped , No. 1440. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 543. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 601. 

 Synonymes. Clymenon Italbrum L'Obel ; i/ypericum vindrosa? mum Lin., Willd., Smith, and Hooker ; 

 ' Park Leaves (because it is frequently found wild in parks) ; Androseme officinale, Fr. ; breiUbliit- 

 triges (broad-leaved) Johanniskraut, Ger. 

 Engravings. Blackw., t. 94. ; Eng. Bot, t. 1225. ; and our fig.109. 



Spec. Char., $c. Leaves ovate, and somewhat heart- 109 



shaped, sessile, widely spreading. Flower an inch 

 wide. A native of moist shady lanes, thickets, and 

 woods in England, in the western part of Scotland, 

 and not unfrequent in woods in Ireland. It was 

 formerly common in the woods about Hampstead 

 and Highgate, till these were grubbed up, and the 

 land where they grew subjected to cultivation. It is 

 also a native of Italy, Greece, and Cacausus. It 



forms a dense bush, with many stems, attaining the height of 3 ft. and up- 

 wards, and producing its large yellow flowers from July to September. 

 The fruit is an ovate capsule, assuming the appearance of a berry : it is, at 

 first, yellowish green, then red or brownish purple ; and, lastly, almost 

 black when ripe. The juice of the capsules, and also that of the leaves, is 

 claret-coloured. The latter, when bruised, have an aromatic scent, and 

 were formerly applied to fresh wounds; and hence the French name of 

 la toute saine. In gardening, the plant is valuable as growing under the drip 

 of trees, and thriving and flowering freely in almost any soil or situation. 

 Plants, in the London nurseries, may be obtained at 9(/. each ; and at 

 Bollwyller for 50 cents. 



