488 



ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. 



PART 111. 



Genus I. 



f 



XANTHO'XYLUM L., and H. B. et Kth. The Xanthoxylum, or 

 Toothache Tree. Lin. Si/st. Dice'cia Tri-Pentandria. 



Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 150. and 1109. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 725. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 801. 



Synonymes. Zanthoxylum (it is thus spelled in many^botanical works) ; Karapmannw Rafin. ; 

 Clavalier, Fr. ; Zahnwehholz, Ger. 



Derivation. From xanthos, yellow, and xulon, wood ; from the yellowness of the wood, more espe- 

 cially of the roots. The French name means club tree, and the German name, the toothache tree. 



2 1. X. fraxi'neum Willd. The Ash-leaved Xanthoxylum, or common Tooth- 

 ache Tree. 



Identification. Willd. Sp., 4 p. 757. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 726. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 802. 



Synonymes. Zanthoxylum ramiflbrum Mich. Fl. B. A., 2. p. 235. ; Z. Clava Herculis var. Lin. Sp., 

 1455., Lam. Diet, 2. p. 38. ; Z. americanum Mill. Diet., No. 2. ; Z. cariba? N um Gccrt. Fruct., but 

 not of Lam. ; Clavalier a Feuilles de Frene, Fr. ; Eschen-bliittriges Zahnwehholz, Ger. 



Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 97. 

 the plate of this species in Vol. II. 



Catesb. Carol, 1. t. 26. ; E. of PI., 13896. ; our fig. 158. ; and 



Spec. Char., eye. Leaves pinnate, of 4 to 5 158 



pairs of leaflets, and an odd one; the 

 leaflets ovate, obscurely sawed, equal 

 at the base; the petiole round and de- 

 void of prickles; prickles in the situation 

 of stipules. Flowers in axillary umbels, 

 without petals : the sexes dioecious. 

 (Dec. Prod., i. p. 728, 727.) A low 

 deciduous tree, a native of North 

 America, from Canada to Virginia and 

 Kentucky, in woods near rivers ; culti- 

 vated in England since 1740, and flow- 

 ering in March and April. In its 

 native country, this tree is seldom 

 seen higher than from 12 ft. to 15 ft.; 

 but its stem is decidedly that of a tree rising to the height of from 

 3 ft. or 4 ft. without side shoots, and then branching out, and forming 

 a regular head. The flowers are yellowish, with red anthers. The bark and 

 capsules are of a hot acrid taste, and are used for relieving the pains of the 

 toothache; whence the popular name. A tincture of the bark is also used 

 for curing rheumatism. This tree is common in British collections, but is 

 never seen of any great size. There is one at Syon, about 13 ft. high ; in 

 the Cambridge Botanic Garden, one about 10 ft. ; and some at White 

 Knights, from 10 ft. to 13 ft. high. In the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, 10 

 years planted, it is 6 ft. high. It is generally propagated by seeds or by 

 cuttings of the roots. Plants, in the London nurseries, are \s. 6d. each ; at 

 Bollvvyller, 1 franc and 20 cents; at New York, 25 cents, and seeds 1 

 dollar a quart. 



Variety. 



5; X. f. 2 virginicum, the X. virginicum of Lodd. Cat., of which there is a plant in the garden 

 of the London Horticultural Society, and several in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, ap- 

 pears to us only a variety of X./raxineum. 



Sfe 2. X. trica'rpum Michx. The three-fruited Xanthoxylum, or Toothache 



Tree. 



Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 335. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 726. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 803. 



Svnimyme. Fagdra /raxinifolia Lam. IlL, 1. t. 334. 



Engraving. Lam. 111., 1. t. 334. 



Spec. Char., S(C. Leaves pinnate; the leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, and an odd one, all on short stalks, oblong- 

 oval, acuminate, finely sawed, oblique at the base. Petioles and branches prickly. Panicles terminal. 

 Petals."). [Dec. I'tod.,\. p. 726.) A deciduous shrub, a native of Carolina and Florida, introduced 

 in 1806, and flowering in July. Height 6 ft. 



