CHAPTER V. 



THE CITADEL AND DEFENCES OF SOURABAYA — VISIT GRESIK 

 AND SOME ANCIENT TOMBS — ANIMAL OF A BIVALVE SHELL 

 CHANGED INTO A BIRD — VISIT TO THE SULTAN OF BAN- 



KALANG — TIGER FIGHT DRAMATIC REPRESENTATION — 



FEVER AND ITS EFFECTS — GONUNG SARI — ISLANDS OF RE- 

 CENT LIMESTONE — FORMATION OF THE DELTA OF THE 

 KEDIRI — CUSTOMS COMMON TO THE JAVANESE AND THE 

 SOUTH-SEA ISLANDERS. 



The Dutch military officers seemed to have no 

 objection to our visiting the citadel of Sourabaya in 

 their company, and we had frequently to thank 

 them for their politeness and attention. Lieutenant 

 Boon von Ostade had the kindness to take several 

 of us all over it, and explain its different parts. 



Sourabaya is surrounded by marshes, which on 

 the land side are more or less cultivated, but towards 

 the sea become regular mangrove swamps. There 

 are three lines of access to the town : the Kali mas 

 or river canal, which runs through its centre and 

 thence into the strait ; the south road ; and the 

 west road, or that which leads to Grisek. Tho 

 town is surrounded by wet ditches and a rampart 

 of turf. On the south road an arched gateway of 



