134 CITADEL OF SOURABAYA, 



brick was now being erected, pierced with loop-holes 

 for musquetry, and otherwise prepared for defending 

 the bridge over the ditches. The west road, where 

 it approaches the rampart, is carried through a 

 mangrove swamp, and makes one or two zig-zag 

 traverses, so that an enemy advancing by it would 

 be exposed at various angles to the fire of the 

 defenders of the town. Where the turf rampart 

 comes round from each side to the Kali mas it joins 

 the defences of the citadel, which defends the river 

 from an enemy approaching from the sea, and keeps 

 the communication open between the town and the 

 shipping if he come from the land side. The 

 citadel is built of granite brought from Europe, 

 and surrounded by a large ditch connected with the 

 river. It is pentagonal in shape, with an outwork 

 at each of the angles, which is mined and can be 

 blown up if necessary. The walls are of great 

 thickness, and contain stabling for 70 artillery 

 horses, and barracks and accommodation for 5000 

 men. I am not sufficiently learned in fortification 

 to describe it scientifically, but it seemed to me a 

 place of great strength, and as it is only now just 

 finished, it is, no doubt, constructed on the best 

 principles, and with the latest improvements of the 

 military art. I believe, however, that this fortifi- 

 cation is exceeded in strength by tke one recently 

 finished at Solo, or Surakerta, in the heart of the 

 native dominions. 



On Dec. ^th, the Resident, M. Pietermatz, was 



