172 CHAIN OF EUROPEAN OFFICERS. 



is placed a native chief called a Regent, and an 

 European officer styled Assistant-resident. These 

 are again subdivided, and each Assistant-resident 

 has under him several Controlloors. The latter 

 are of three classes, differing in rank and salary, a 

 Controlloor of the third class being the lowest 

 European civil government officer. Each Resident 

 has also a secretary, who takes rank next to an 

 Assistant-resident. An Assistant-resident merely 

 acts as a police magistrate, and can only inflict 

 petty punishments, such as confinement in the 

 stocks, or twenty-five strokes of a rattan, or else as 

 the organ through whom the orders of the Resident 

 are transmitted to the Regent. In the towns of 

 Samarang and Sourabaya, however, there are two 

 Assistant-residents, one for the police, the other 

 for the financial department. The Controlloors 

 have only to inspect the cultivation of the land, 

 assess it for the land-tax, look after the condition of 

 the roads, bridges, etc., and report generally on the 

 state of the district committed to their charge. 

 Neither Controlloor nor Assistant-resident can of 

 his own mere motion give orders to or assume autho- 

 rity over the native chiefs. 



The native government officers are, first, a Regent, 

 whose district is styled a Regency, which is gene- 

 rally co-extensive with that of an Assistant-resident. 

 A Regent has a secretary or deputy, called a Pati. 

 Each regency is also divided into districts, over 

 each of which is an officer called in some places 



