CHAIN OF NATIVE OFFICERS. 173 



a Widono, in others Demang, who has likewise a 

 secretary or deputy, called a Bukkel. The princi- 

 ple of subdivision is still further carried out, and 

 over the successively diminishing portions are offi- 

 cers, whose title and rank are Arris, and his deputy 

 a Bow Arris ; Loora, and his deputy Patinghi. 

 These last have only a few kampongs or villages 

 under them, but each kampong has also its little 

 chief, called Kapalla Kampong (head of the kam- 

 pong). ♦ 



Rongo is the title given to an officer who, with 

 the power of a Regent, governs a smaller and less 

 important district than is usually given to a Regent, 

 to whom his rank is considered next in order. 

 These titles are those in use in the eastern part of 

 the island : towards the west, similar offices go under 

 different native titles. Neither is the series in all 

 cases complete : sometimes the officer, whatever his 

 title, who equals a Widono in rank and situation, 

 has no lieutenant or bukkel, or even no arris under 

 him. In this case he does their duty, superintending 

 matters himself, instead of merely transmitting 

 orders to his subordinates. 



In this way the whole population is, as it were, 

 marshalled and arranged under a chain of officers, 

 like an army. The people all live in communities, 

 every man being obliged to belong to and reside in 

 one particular kampong, which is fenced in, is go- 

 verned by its kapalla or head man, has its constable 

 or police officer, called Kadjenaman, and is guarded 



