192 SUGAR CULTIVATION. 



The fabricant is obliged to deliver all the sugar he makes to 

 the Government ; and pay at the rate of 3 J rupees per picul for 

 all that he delivers, as a tax or payment for the canes. 



If however, he deliver less than the quantity, which his canes 

 were taxed as capable of producing, he has not only still to pay 

 3 1 rupees upon the whole of that quantity, but a heavy fine 

 besides. 



Government pay him according to agreement in the contract, 

 and according to quality, for his sugar. The rates in the last 

 contracts closed were 



12 copper rupees for " superior white" called No. 18. 

 10 " "grey" No. 16. 



8 " "brown" No. 12. 



6 " for a lower quality. 



After the canes pass through the cylinders, the " trash" is 

 carried off and used for fuel. The flues of a mill must be badly 

 constructed, when, besides the trash, firewood is also commonly 

 required for " cooking" the sugar. The system of cooking in 

 vacuo, has hitherto been rarely adopted, sugar being still gene- 

 rally cooked on the old Chinese principle, in open pans. After 

 the sugar is boiled to a certain consistency, it is poured into pots, 

 containing 60 catties, and allowed to granulate for 5 or 6 days. 

 It is then clayed : — this is performed in different ways 3 every 

 fabricant following his own ideas. It is then turned out of the 

 pots, on to the drying places, and after a few days exposure to 

 the sun, which is generally sufficient, it is packed, and sent to 

 the different sea-ports, to be delivered into the government 

 stores. 



The molasses which runs from the pots on claying the sugar, 

 is boiled in a separate set of pans, and the sugar derived from it 

 is mixed with the cane sugar. 



A fabricant can never calculate exactly as to what the sugar he 

 makes will cost him, as much depends on the quality of the cane 

 and other circumstances. If for instance, while grinding, there 

 should be much rain, he will have much trouble and expense in 

 drying the sugar, the canes will be very watery, and the " trash" 



