SUGAR CULTIVATION. 193 



not being sufficient to evaporate the water from the juice on 

 boiling, he will have to use firewood which is very expensive. 



Still on an average, the expense or cost of sugar to the fabri- 

 cant may be estimated as follows. 



Copper rup. 

 Tax paid for planting the canes, per picul 3.50 



Expense of cutting, transporting, fabrication, 



packing, and delivering in Government stores 3.75 



Copper 7.25 



Now 7.25 copper rupees are 6.04 silver guilders, and as a picul 

 is equal to 136 pounds English, the cost of the sugar per cwt. will 

 be 4.98 guilders or 85. 3 je?. sterling. This does not include inte- 

 rest of money on the cost of the establishment, but to cover 

 that 1 per cent will be an ample allowance. 



The present Governor finding that the doits were not of proper 

 standard weight, has called them all in, and re-issued them at 

 160 doits to the silver guilder, or guilder recepissen.* Of course 

 in settlements with fabricants, they are paid at this rate, there- 

 fore if a fabricant has to receive 1200 copper rupees, he is paid 

 either 1600 doits, or 1000 recepissen, as he chooses. 



Neither sugar-cane nor any other produce can now be much 

 increased in Java : the population being fully employed, and 

 production of any kind can only be augmented in the same ratio, 

 with the increase of population. The great increase of late 

 years in the production of sugar and indigo, may be attributed 

 to the cultivation of these articles being found more profitable 

 than that of rice. Hence the rice-fields have been used for the 

 planting of sugar and indigo, until the present crop of rice is 

 barely sufficient to supply the native consumption. It must not 

 however be lost sight of, that the mode of planting and more 

 especially the working of the ground is much better understood 



* These guilder recepissen are a new paper money issued by 

 the Government, not by the bank of Java. 



VOL. II. O 



