194 SUGAR CULTIVATION. 



and attended to now than formerly. The per centage allowed 

 to European civil servants, and native chiefs, has done a 

 wonderful deal of good in that respect. In most instances, the 

 same measurement of land produces one-third more sugar than 

 it did ten years ago. The great secret is ploughing the ground 

 well, which being done, with a rich alluvial soil like that of Java, 

 no manure whatever is required, beyond that of the ashes derived 

 from burning the stubble on the ground. As canes are now 

 never rattooned, they are invariably pulled up by the roots, which 

 are merely cleaned with a knife. 



The cultivation of sugar and coffee are perfectly independent 

 of one another, as coffee cannot be planted to any advantage 

 much below 1200 feet above the sea, and at that height the tem- 

 perature and moisture are against the growth of the sugar-cane. 

 Sugar and indigo are planted on the same description of ground, 

 and as the cultivation of one at any time is decreased, that of 

 the other may be increased. 



TABLE 



OF WEIGHTS. 



1 00 catties 



= 



1 picul. 



1 Java picul 



= 



125 lbs. Dutch. 



125 lbs. Dutch 



== 



136 lbs. English nearly. 



30 piculs 



= 



one Sourabaya coyang. 



28 — 



= 



— Samarang do. 



27 — 



= 



— Batavia do. 



