CHAPTER VIII. 



ISLANDS OF KANGALANG AND LUBECK — BANCA — SINGAPORE 



MALACCA PLEASANT ASPECT — GOOD CHARACTER OF 



PEOPLE — TIN MINES BOUKIT TIMAH — GEOLOGICAL OB- 

 SERVATIONS ON MALACCA AND SINGAPORE — STRAIT OF 

 SUNDA — ANJER — GEOLOGICAL SKETCH OF THE INDIAN 

 ARCHIPELAGO — CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS ON THE CHA- 

 RACTER AND CAPABILITIES OF THE MALAY NATIONS. 



In June, 1845, on our way from the Strait of 

 Alass to Singapore, we passed by several small islands. 

 The first of these, Kangalang Island, which we 

 passed on the 27th, had a very fertile and pleasant 

 aspect. It had a range of low hills on the northern 

 side, which ran in an easterly and westerly direction, 

 and appeared similar to the low east and west ranges 

 of the island of Madura. Lubeck, on the contrary, 

 somewhat farther to the northward, seemed to con- 

 sist of a rough serrated mass of hills rising full 

 2000 feet above the sea. As we passed through 

 the Strait of Banca, I could distinctly perceive that 

 several of the rocky promontories which rise on the 

 shore of the island of Banca were composed of 

 granite, and I believe that all the abrupt hills rising 

 from that island are of the same rock, with sands 

 and other soft incoherent materials forming the low 

 grounds. It is from the washing of these sands that 



