SECTION OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 103 



Dimensions of fuU-xice tt$Hl. 



Hull.— Length over all, 85 reel ; keel, 69 feel : beam, 21| feet; depth of hold, io 

 feet ; draught, aft, LOf feet, forward, B feet. 



Spar*. — Bowsprit, outside, 'jo feet; foremast, fall length, 69 feet; mainmast, 70f 

 feet; main topmast, 36 feet; main-boom, 58 feel (23 feel outside slings); fore-boom, 

 25| feet. 



Sail.— Mainsail, luff, -i:-a feel ; foot, 56 feel ; leech, 58$fee1 i head,28 fe< i. Foresail, 

 lull", 43f feet : foot, 24| feet : leech, 53 feel : head, 24J feet. Jib, luff, 67 feel ; leech, 

 li feet; foot, 87 feet. Fore staysail, luff, 49 reet; leech, 12 feet; foot, 20\ feet. 

 Main stay tail, luff, or forward end, 15 feet; head, 33 feet; leech, i\ feet ; foot, ■■ ■ 

 Main gan*-topsail, luff, on topmast, 27 feel ; lower hoop to lack. 16 feet; leech, 36| 

 feet : foot, 28i feet 



Gloucester, Mass., 1883. 57,051. Designed by Capt. J. W. Collins, II. S. Fish 



{ lommission. 



This model represents a sohooner of about 90 to 100 tons register, designed es] <■- 

 ci ally for the winter fisheries. A vessel built from it would be about 2 feet deeper than 

 the typical American fishing sohooner of the same length, and about I foot less beam. 

 It would have less difference in draught between the bow and stern, or less "drag- 

 line." The rig differs from that of the ordinary schooner in having a stem staysail 

 and jib, instead of the large jib now commonly used, and also in having shorter 

 lower masts. In summer the rig might be changed by the addition of a foretop- 

 and jib-boom, with sails to correspond. It is believed that a vessel con- 

 structed on such a mode] would be safer in heavy gales, and much swifter, taking the 

 chances as they come, than schooners of the ordinary type, which have much less 

 body under water. The ballast can, of course, be placed lower, and thereby the lev- 

 erage increased and the chances of capsizing decreased. 



FISHING SCHOONER. 



Builder's model, scale £ inch to foot. Full, rounding, and flaring bow on top, sharp- 

 ening rapidly toward the water's edge ; long, straight sides; comparatively narrow 

 beam; square stern; low bilge; short floor ; long, but rather full run. Dimensions 

 of vessel: Length, 66 feet over all; extreme beam, 18 feet; draught of water aft, 9 

 feet, 6 inches. 



Essex, Mass. Type, 1845 to 1860. U. S. Fish Commission. 54,405. 



This is the model of the schooner Elisha Holmes, of Cape Cod, built at Essex in 

 1849, to engage in the cod and mackerel fisheries. It is the form of a class of vessels 

 very much in use in the period from 1845 to 1800, and represents one type of the so- 

 called sharp-shooters of that day. During the transition stage from full bowed to 

 sharp vessels it was the opinion of many experts that it would be unsafe to build a 

 very sharp on the rail. It was thought that with a full rounding bow on top 

 and much dare, a vessel would be prevented from plunging as deep in the water as' 

 she otherwise might do. Later developments have shown that this theory is a wrong 

 one, and that a vessel with a flaring how is not as good as one with straighter top, 

 timbers. 



SWEDISH COD-FISHING VESSEL, BANKSKUTA. 

 [Model.] 



Wood (ontside plank, oak; deck, pine), unpainted ; carvel built; flush decked; 

 wide and deep ; strong sheer ; full, flaring, scoop-shaped bow; great rake to stem ; hol- 

 low water-lines and floor; stern shaped like bow, tail above, much concaved below; 

 straight stern-post : narrow, square-heeled rudder; moderate depth of keel ; heavy 

 chocks; windlass works with hand-spikes j cabin forward ; 4 hatches; Lpump; 

 1 large anchor; cable runs over roller in stem; steers with tiller; low, heavy bul- 

 warks. Ketch-rigged, with running bowsprit ; 6 sails— jib, stay-foresail, mainsail, 

 sprit mi/zen, and 2 square-headed gait-Topsails. 



Dimensions. — Length (hull) over all, 42 inches; keel, 28 inches; beam, 17f inches: 

 depth, amidships (bottom of keel to top of rail), 8f inches; bow (to top of stem), 134; 

 inches; to top of knight-heads, 12 inches; stern (to top of rail), 12 inches ; fpost | 

 inch higher); keel, 1 inch ; dead-WOOd, above keel, If inches; bulwark, amidships, 

 I inch; at stem and stern, 2£ inches. Spars, bowsprit, 21 inches; 14^ inches outside 

 of stem ; mainmast (deck to eyes of rigging), 31 inches ; eyes of rigging to topmast 



