REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY. 257 



copper for a basis, the manufacture and utilization of brass in various 

 forms, ami the manufacture of copper and brass wire. The collections 



illustrating copper and brass arc the most lull and complete that w 6 

 have. There are, however, still a tew methods that it would be ver\ 

 desirable to till as soon as convenient. 



IMsmuth. — 'Hie occurrence of bismuth in this country is somewhat 

 limited, having been found in only a few localities, and there onl> in 

 small amounts. None of the ore is treated in this country, but occa- 

 sionally small amounts are shipped abroad that have been obtained in 

 mining for other metals. A small collection of the ores of Utah was 

 obtained from Prof. ,1. E. Clayton. 



Nickel and cobalt. — No new collections were made to represent nickel 

 and cobalt as there is already a pretty fair illustration of these two 

 metals in the Museum. It would, however, be very desirable to ob- 

 tain a few specimens representing the great progress that lias recently 

 been made in the manipulation of wrought nickel. 



Iron. — The very extensive collection of iron ores turned over to the 

 Museum by the Census furnishes a very complete illustration of the iron 

 resources of the country, and there was no necessity for making any 

 farther collections of iron ores save to go with the collections represent- 

 ing the processes. 



To represent the smelting of pig-iron, representative furnaces wen Be 

 lected in different parts of the country, using different varieties of fuel. 

 It was not, however, possible to obtain all the collections in this line 

 tli at were planned. As representing the application of coke as a fuel, 

 collections were received from the Rockwood Furnaces of the Eoane Iron 

 Company, Chattanooga, Tennessee; from the Longdale Furnaces in Vir- 

 ginia, from the Missouri, Nova Scotia and Saint Louis Ore and Steel Com- 

 pany, in Missouri. As representing the use of a mixture of coke and 

 anthracite coal, collections were received from the Warwick and North 

 Cornwall Furnaces in Pennsylvania, and from the Crown Point Furnace 

 in New York. These collections include hand specimens of the ores,lime- 

 Stone and the fuels, and a series of pig-iron representing as far as possi- 

 ble the different grades produced at each furnace. With these are 

 specimens of the slag corresponding with each grade of iron, the slag 

 Specimens when possible being taken from the same cast that the pig- 

 iron s were. To these are added specimens of by-products such as cadmia, 

 line dust, salamanders, &<•. 



The manufacture of wrought iron direct from the ore is represented 

 by a collection from the Belmont Forge, Kogersfield, N. Y. 



A very interesting collection of Swedish irons was presented by Mr. 

 X. Lilienberg, of New York. This contains samples of various kinds of 

 pig -iron, wrought iron, and steel, together with descriptions of the va- 

 rious processes used in their manufacture. 



The manufacture of steel was perhaps better illustrated in the Cen- 

 tennial material than any other metal. But these collections were ex- 

 S. .Mis. 33, pt. li 17 



