264 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1684. 



Libit which includes in their regular order the several parts used in the 

 process of manufacturing miner's boots, and also embraces both kinds 

 of mining boots used by the miner, in the hard coal and soft coal mines 

 respectively. This exhibit was prepared and presented by Messrs. 

 Humphrey Bros, and Tracey, Towanda, Pa. An improved form of the 

 Grim drill, or coal auger, donated by Mr. I. F. Mansfield, Cannelton, 

 Pa., is shown. The Blossburg Coal Company presented a ratchet-drill 

 which may be used alternately in boring rock for tunneling and enlarg- 

 ing gangways, and for excavating coal. This is a fair illustration of 

 the workmanship of the local artisans employed at our coal mines, and 

 was made by the blacksmith at Arnot. 



In addition to the utensils used in excavating coal a set of hand im- 

 plements or "breaker tools," used in the breaker while preparing the 

 coal for market, may also be noted. It comprises a rake and scraper 

 for manipulating the coal in the chutes and a wire broom for cleaning 

 the meshes of the large rotating cylindrical screens that distribute the 

 marketable sizes of coal and to detach slate. 



The pictorial portion of the collection consists of (1) photographs, in- 

 cluding negatives and prints ; (2) tracings and sketches on linen cloth ; 

 (3) lithographs, and (4) cyanotypes. This collection illustrates the 

 processes of mining by drift, slope, and shaft ; the miners in their dif- 

 ferent positions when engaged in cutting and drilling coal ; the working 

 costumes of the miners and mine officials 5 the excavation of coal by 

 the pick and mining machine or "coal digger"; the inside and outside 

 haulage of coal by means of the mule, mine locomotive, and the under- 

 ground wire-rope system ; the machinery for hoisting coal to the sur- 

 face ; pumping machinery; ventilating fans and fan-houses; exterior 

 and interior views of the breaker, where the large lumps of coal are 

 broken and the various sizes assorted for market; the chutes and. 

 pockets for loading coal at the colliery for transshipment; the transfer 

 of the coal up and down the precipitous sides of the mountains by in- 

 clined planes ; the form of mine wagons used in the anthracite collier- 

 ies and the bituminous mines; the formation of a coal seam, showing 

 the partings of slate between the benches and the crest of an anticlinal 

 where the measures cross over a mountain from one basin to another, 

 and coal- washing machinery. 



Twenty-one negatives were made in all; five in the soft-coal region 

 and sixteen in the anthracite. By means of electric light five negatives 

 were made of the interior of a mine showing miners at work, as well as 

 of the electric plant used upon the occasion. The views were enlarged 

 by Mr. T. W. Smillie, photographer of the Museum. 



These views represent — 



Three miners at work, one with a hand-drill or jumper, making a hole 

 for a shot, one with pick breaking down coal, and the third in the act 

 of loading small pieces of coal with shovel ; this also shows the different 



