5"05 
THE 
LONDON, EDINBURGH, am> DUBLIN 
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 
AND 
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 
CONDUCTED BY 
SIR ROBERT KANE, LL.D. F.R.S. M.R.I.A. F.C.S 
SIR WILLIAM THOMSON, Kxt. LL.D. F.R.S. &c. 
AND 
WILLIAM FRANCIS, Ph.D. F.L.S. F.R.A.S. F.C.S. 
" Nee aranearum sane textus ideo melior quia ex se fila gignunt, nee noster 
vilior quia ex alieois libamus ut apes." Just. Lips. Polil. lib. i. cap. 1. Not. 
VOL. XVI.— FIFTH SERIES. 
JULY— DECEMBER 1883. 
LONDON: 
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 
SOLD BY LONGMANS, GREEN, READER. AND DYER; KENT AND CO. ; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, 
AND CO. ; AND 1YHITTAKER AND CO. ; AND BY ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK, 
AND THOMAS CLARK, EDINBURGH ; SMITH AND SON, GLASGOW ; 
HODGES, FOSTER, AND CO., DUBLIN; PUTNAM, NEW 
YORK; — AND ASHER AND CO., BERLIN. 
