CARDUELIS ORIENTALIS, vigors. 



Eastern Goldfinch. 



Passer carduelis, var., Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 16 (1811). 



Fringilla orientalis, Eversmann, Addenda ad Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. fasc. ii. p. 9 (1841). — Gray, Hand-list 



of Birds, ii. p. 80 (1870). 

 Carduelis orientalis, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotnie, pp. 64, 116. — Dresser, Ibis, 1875, pp. 242, 387. 



The birds wbich I have figured in the Plate are from Central Asia, and are evidently the true orientalis of 

 Eversmann. I notice that Mr. Dresser and Dr. Severtzoff unite this species unhesitatingly to the Hima- 

 layan Goldfinch, Carduelis caniceps ; but they seem to me to constitute, if not two species, at least two 

 easily recognizable races, and I have refrained, therefore, from adding the extensive synonymy of C. caniceps 

 to that of the present bird. C. orientalis is a larger and more powerful bird than C. caniceps, with a longer 

 bill, and it is not so ruddy in colour, being of a more ashen and desert-like hue. I have beautiful full- 

 plumaged specimens of each bird, and after comparing them carefully I think they may fairly be considered 

 distinct, as, in addition to the smaller size of C. caniceps, the colour of its scarlet face is brighter and more 

 vivid. 



There can be little doubt that this is the bird considered by Pallas to be a variety of the common Gold- 

 finch, and it was found by him in summer on the shores of the Yenisei River. 



Of this Dr. Severtzoff very truly observes : — " This bird is not merely a climatic variety of the European 

 Goldfinch, from which it differs in lacking the black markings on the head, the yellowish brown on the back 

 and on the breast being replaced by grey. Both species inhabit the same localities in the Thian-Shan 

 mountains ; and the distinctive characters were constant in all of the hundreds of specimens I examined. 

 The differences between Passer salicarius and Passer domesticus are also constant, although these two Sparrows 

 frequently inhabit the same localities, and are found in the same flock ; and they hold good not only in the 

 autumn dress, but also in the full breeding-plumage." 



Although specimens were contained in Captain T. Biddulph's Yarkand collections, it is not mentioned by 

 Dr. Scully, our latest authority on the avifauna of this part of the world, nor was it procured by Dr. Hen- 

 derson during his journey from Lahore to Yarkand. 



Adult. General colour above ash-brown, rather mealy in appearance, the scapulars and least wing-coverts 

 uniform with the back ; primary and greater coverts jet-black, the latter bright golden yellow towards the 

 tips of the latter ; quills black, golden yellow for half of the outer webs, the innermost secondaries white on 

 the outer web, decreasing gradually into a white spot on those nearer the middle of the wing; rump and 

 upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail black, with a large terminal spot of white, the two outer feathers nearly 

 all white on the inner web, black only at base and at tip ; forehead and fore part of cheeks and chin scarlet, 

 the feathers in front of the eye blackish ; ear-coverts and under surface of body light ashy brown, with a 

 greyish shade on the chest; the throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts whitish; under wing-coverts, 

 axillaries, and inner lining of quills white, the small coverts near the edge of the wing dusky, tipped with 

 dull whitish and slightly washed with yellow. Total length 51 inches, wing 31, tail 3f. 



The figures in the Plate are of the natural size, and are drawn from a pair of Turkestan birds in my own 

 collection. 



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