322 Geological Society : — 



this paper are those which have been, and are still being explored 

 under the direction of MM. Lartet and Christy, and which were 

 visited by him under the guidance of the latter gentleman and ac- 

 companied by Mr. Hamilton, Prof. Rupert Jones, Capt. Galton, 

 Mr. Lubbock, and Mr. Franks. 



Mr. Evans first gave a detailed description of the physical features 

 of the valley of the Vezere, and of the contents of the caverns of 

 Badegoule, Le Moustier. La Madelaine, Laugerie-Haute, Laugerie- 

 Basse, the Gorge d'Enfer, and Les Eyzies, giving a list of the 

 animal-remains discovered, which are for the most part of the same 

 species from all the caverns. 



The author then discussed the antiquity of the deposits according 

 to four methods of inquiry, — namely, from geological considerations 

 with regard to the character and position of the caves ; from the 

 palaeontological evidence of the remains found in them ; from the 

 archaeological character of the objects of human workmanship ; and 

 from a comparison with similar deposits in neighbouring districts in 

 France ; and he came to the conclusion that they belonged to a 

 period subsequent to that of the Elephas primigenius and Rhinoceros 

 tichorhinus, but characterized by the presence of the Reindeer and 

 some other animals now extinct in that part of Europe. 



4. " On the Carboniferous Rocks of the Donetz and the Granite- 

 gravel of St. Petersburg." By Prof. J. Helmersen. (In a letter 

 to Sir R. I. Murchison, K.C.B., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c.) 



This letter relates (1) to the discovery in the Donetz Mountains 

 of additional beds of coal and of iron-ore ; (2) to the proposed use 

 of this coal for steam-purposes on the Volga; (3) to two geological 

 expeditions to be sent out in 1864 for the purpose of surveying the 

 Permian basin of Russia ; and lastly, to the successful completion 

 of an Artesian boring at St. Petersburg. In this well the following 

 beds were passed through : — Alluvium, 88 ft. ; Silurian clay, 300 ft. ; 

 sandstone, 137 ft.; bed of gravel, the result of the degradation of 

 granite. 



5. "On a supposed Deposit of Boulder-clay in North Devon." 

 By George Maw, Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S. 



A deposit of brown clay which occurs near Fremington, in North 

 Devon, and has been worked for several years, was described by the 

 author in this paper, and referred by him to the Boulder-clay forma- 

 tion. The smallest amount of subsidence necessary for the deposi- 

 tion of this clay at its present highest level would place a large area 

 of Devonshire under water. 



Mr. Maw considered the raised beach at Croyd as being a much 

 more recent deposit than the gravel just described; and in con- 

 nexion with the question of the former submergence of Devonshire 

 during the glacial period, he discussed the relation of the latter to a 

 deposit of granite-drift gravel at Petrochstow, concluding that it 

 could only have been transported thither during the submergence of 

 the high ridges which intersect at right angles the country between 

 the two deposits. 



