42 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



same general type as Celastrina. The ancillary appendages of Everes and 

 Celastrina differ both in the dorsal armature and in the clasps. Everes 

 has a median dorsal armature with a definite uncus, i.e., the chitinous 

 ring (9th abdominal segment) is wide and produced in the actual dorsal 

 line, whilst Celastrina has a dorsal armature formed of two lateral 

 halves, and the ring is reduced in the actual dorsal line to small 

 dimensions. The clasps which,- in the Plebeiids (e.g.,corydon), present 

 a terminal division into a spinous (hard) and hairy (soft) process, 

 have, in Everes, these two branches each well, and equally, developed, 

 so as to be of an obviously bifid character, the process being of nearly 

 half the length of the clasp (in the Plebeiid type, the actual division 

 affects only the end of the clasp, though their bases affect more or 

 less a great part of the body of the clasp), even more than this in 

 Bothria chennellii, the extreme instance with which I happen to be 

 acquainted. In Celastrina the spinous part of the clasp only is 

 developed, the soft process being, one may say, only ' theoretically ' 

 present in a few species, most clearly, perhaps, in Celastrina argiolus." 



These genitalic characters are similar in Everes (argiades) and 

 Cupido (minimus), and the relationship here suggested is borne out by 

 other characters, particularly in the hairy pupa of both, the almost 

 identical character of the larval habits, not only hybernating when 

 full-grown and waiting until the following year to pupate, but also in 

 the seed-feeding habit, whilst the eggs are also very similar. [It may 

 be well to note that Cyaniris semiargus, usually supposed to have 

 close affinities with Cupido minimus really belongs, as shown in all its 

 stages, to the Plebeiid, and not to the Everid, branch of the Lycsenids.] 

 Chapman further notes that " the genitalia show that the Everids 

 and the Celastrinids are quite different developments of the Lycasnids, 

 and have the whole of the Plebeiids between them in this particular, 

 so that the anastomosis of the costal and subcostal nervures must 

 have a quite different significance in the two groups, i.e., they have 

 almost certainly originated separately. In Cdastrina, these veins 

 approach, in Zizera they just meet, whilst in all the Everids I have the 

 anastomosis is complete." 



Close as parrhasius, Fab., appears to be to argiades, Pall., it is certain 

 that it is generically distinct ; its genitalic structures are farther from 

 those of argiades, than are the latter from those of Cupido (minimus 

 and sebrus), and we have provisionally placed it in Bingham ia, n. gen. 

 The species fischeri, Evers., which is generally closely attached to 

 argiades, and by most authors included with it in the genus Everes, 

 is an Everid, but no doubt also quite distinct generically ; ion, Leech, 

 zuthus, Leech, Jilicaudis, Pryer, davida, Pouj., potanini, Alph., etc., 

 also appear to belong to the same genus = Tongeia, n.gen. 



Chapman notes (in Hit.) : " The Everid type of $ ancillary 

 appendages may be described as being characterised by the dorsal 

 region (tegumen and uncus) being well-developed longitudinally, i.e., 

 the width (longitudinally) of the chitinous ring formed by the 9th 

 abdominal segment (with 10th ?) is greatest in the actual dorsal line, 

 and in the two portions of the clasp being fairly equally developed 

 and the division between them being well marked and often deep." He 

 has also kindly given us the following summary of the peculiarities of 

 the $ ancillary appendages exhibited by the various genera which we 



