EVERES. 43 



have felt compelled to create to get an understanding of the relation- 

 ships of the species considered : — 



Cupido (type minimus) : Tegumen somewhat rounded, apex blunt (or flat), 

 spicular branch of clasp long and slender ; asdoeagus broad and less than 1mm. 

 long ; aedoeagus support bent at right angles at the fork (in all the other genera it 

 is straight or nearly so). 



Everes (type argiades) : Tegumen broad, apex sharp (argiades) or broad 

 (dipora) ; spicular branch of clasp tapering, shorter than in Cupido ; aedoeagus 

 support straight, branched in argiades much as in Cupido, in dipora it is rather a 

 flat wide plate with short ears instead of branches ; asdoeagus narrower and longer 

 (over 1 mm.) than in Cupido. 



Tongeia (type fischeri) : This genus (so far as examined — fischeri, ion, zuthus) 

 is readily recognised by the long narrow tegumen, rather longer than broad, and 

 with straight sides tapering to a sharp point, with indication of a median division ; 

 the lateral, softer, hairy margins, that, in the other genera, seem to float off at each 

 side as soft loose wings, appear here to be part of the solid tegumen, and give the 

 whole organ a striking resemblance to the nose of a rat with its whiskers ; the 

 lateral branches orparameres, instead of being curved with varied flanges, are here 

 (except the .basal curve) straight, with a terminal expansion like a button on a foil ; 

 the branches of the asdoeagus support are long and slender ; the asdoeagus itself 

 (about 1mm. long) has a marked raised zone (present, however, but less marked in 

 the others) where supported; the spicular branch of the clasps is much modified, 

 the "shoulder," rounded and retreating in the other genera, is here advanced, pro- 

 jecting as far as, or further than, the apex, and the hollow margin between is more 

 or less spiculate along its whole length. 



Binghamia (type parrhasius) : Tegumen small, rounded, the apex minute, 

 retracting, almost as if absent; asdoeagus short (*7mm.) : branches of support very 

 long ; the spicular branch of clasp narrow and slender, sweeping inward with a 

 regular curve, the apex pointing transversely, the soft branch extending beyond it 

 about one-sixth of the length of the clasp ; the " spicular " branch is smooth and 

 without spicules or hairs, the result is that the two clasps together (in ordinary 

 preparations) have a regular oval outline quite unlike the other genera. 



Bothria (type chennellii) :~~ The two branches of the clasps rather similar to 

 each other, very long and parallel. 



Genus : Everes, Hiibner. 



Synonymy. — Genus: EYeres, Hb., "Verz.," p. 69 (circ. 1818); Scudd., 

 "Sys. Bev.," p. 35 (1872); "Butt.," pp. 152, 158, 302-308, fig. 125 (1881); 

 Moore, "Lep. Ceyl.," i., p. 85, in part, pi. xxxvi., fig. 7 (1881); Butl., "Ann. 

 Mag. Nat. Hist.," 5th ser., ix., p. 17 (1882); Dist., " Bhop. Mai.," p. 221, 

 in part, (1884) ; Dohrty., " Journ. As. Soc. Beng.," lv., pt. 2, p. 132 (1886); 

 Scudd., "Butts. New Engl.," ii., p. 911, pi. vi., figs. 9-10 (1889); de Nicev., 

 "Butts. Ind.," iii., p. 137, in part, pi. xxvi., fig. 180 (1890); Leech, "Butts. 

 China," ii., p. 328 (1894); Tutt, " Ent. Becord," vii., pp. 220, 300 (1896); " Brit. 

 Butts.," p. 185, pi. ii., fig. 5 (1896); "Ent. Bee," ix., p. 254 (1897); Eeut., 

 "Ent. Bee," x., p. 97 (1898); Wheel., "Butts. Switz.," p. 44 (1903); Tutt, 

 "Ent. Bee," xviii., p. 131 (1906) ; Bingham, "Fauna Ind.," ii., p. 377, inpart 

 (1907). Papilio, Pall., " Beisen," etc., p. 472 (1771); Schiff., " Schmett. Wien.," 

 1st ed., ii., p. 274 (1775); Schneid., " Syst. Besch.," p. 260 (1787); Scriba*, 

 "Journal," p. 221 (1791); Bork., " Bhein. Mag.," p. 292 (1793); Hb., "Eur. 

 Schmett.," pi. lxv., figs. 319-321, 322-4 (1799); 111., " Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., 

 p. 274 (1801); Hoffmansegg, "111. Mag.," iii., p. 185 (1804); Herbst, "Nat. Sys. 

 Ins.," xi., pp. 73,77(1804); Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," text, p . 51 (1805?) ; Ochs., 

 "Die Schmett.," i., pt. 2, pp. 59, 60, 61 (1808). [Papilio=, Plebeius=] Ruralis, 

 Bott., "Naturf.," vi., p. 23 (1775); Esper, "Schmett. Eur.," i., pt. 1, p. 337 

 (1779) ; pi. xxxiv., figs. 1-2 (1777); Bergstr., "Nomen.," ii., pp. 72, 73, pi. xliv., 

 figs. 3-5 (1779); Fab., "Spec. Ins.," ii., p. 133(1781); " Mant. Ins.," ii., pp. 

 70, 76 (1787); De Vill., "Car. Linn. Ent. Fn. Suee," ii., p. 75 (1789); Bkh., 

 " Sys. Besch.," i.,p. 166 (1788); ii., p. 232 (1789) ; Brahm, " Ins. Kal.," p. 386 

 (1791); Bossi, "Mant.," ii., p. 12 (1794). [Hesperia-] Ruralis, Fab., "Ent. 

 Sys.," hi., pt. 1, pp. 285, 289 (1793). Cupido, Schrank, "Faun. Boica," 

 ii., pt. 1, p. 215 (1801); Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," p. 356 (1871); Scudd., 



* Scriba does not really call the butterflies Papilio ; he gives only the specific 

 names, and calls them all "Tagfalter." 



