90 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



in April and May and again in July (Glitz); in Hesse, at Wies- 

 baden, in April and May and again in July (Rossler); in May and 

 August at Hanau (Limpert and Rottelberg), in May and July and 

 August at Frankfort-on-Main (Koch), but the spring brood only in 

 June around Cassel, where it appears to be single-brooded (Borgmann); 

 in Waldeck, throughout May, and again from the beginning of July 

 till mid-August, whilst, in 1859, a fresh $ was found as late as Sep- 

 tember 10th (Speyer); in Thuringia, in May, and again in July and 

 August (KrieghofT); in the province of Saxony in May and again in July 

 and August (Wilde and Stange), May and July in Anhalt (Rich- 

 ter) ; in Brandenburg, in May and July and August, both at Finken- 

 krug (Pfiitzner), and Frankfort-on-Oder (Kretschmer); in Posen only 

 recorded for May and June (Schultz); in Silesia, May to mid- June and 

 again in July- August (Wocke); in the Kingdom of Saxony, in April 

 and May and again in July and August (Ent. Ver. Iris); in Bavaria, 

 at the end of April and May and again in July and August (Schmid); 

 May at Lahr (Keynes), in Baden, in April and July-August (Meess and 

 Spuler). In Austria the species occurs in two (or three) broods, viz., 

 mid- April to mid- May, mid- June to early- August, and mid- August to 

 mid- September in Hungary (Aigner-Abafi); it is reported as double- 

 brooded in Bohemia, in May and again in July and August, sometimes 

 in September (Nickerl); in Moravia, at Briinn, April ('27th) to May 

 (16th), and July-August (Fritsch and Schneider); in Upper Austria 

 in May and again in July- August (Brittinger); in Lower Austria from 

 April- June, and July- September (Rossi); and in Salzburg in May 

 and again in July and August (Richter). In Dalmatia it appears 

 to be triple-brooded, occurring as late as mid- September at Pirano and 

 Trieste (Mathew). In Bosnia and the Hercegovina, as also in Bulgaria 

 and eastern Roumelia,the species is double-brooded, the spring examples 

 of the well-known form polysperchon (Rebel), whilst in the lower Volga 

 districts, it is only noted as occurring in Ma} T and June (Eversmann), 

 but Kroulikowsky notes it as occurring in the Waitka Govt, in May 

 as var. polysperchon, and in July as argiades [and coretas (very rarely)] . 

 In Italy very little is recorded of the species, it was taken in May, 

 1893 (Fountaine), and in August, 1898, in Piedmont (Tutt), and in 

 June at Florence (Stefanelli), which shows that it is at least double- 

 brooded, for our special dates give numbers of July and August records 

 for Piedmont by visiting British collectors. The native collectors 

 appear to be somewhat ignorant of the species. It is noted as occurr- 

 ing in August and September in Lombardy (Turati), August, in the Tus- 

 can Apennines (Verity), whilst Spada (II Nat. Sic, xii., p. 62) gives 

 spring, summer, and autumn for Osimo, in Sicily. Equally little 

 is known of its occurrence in Spain, for, with the exception of a 

 few examples picked up by Chapman, in July of various years, 

 little seems to be known of the occurrence of the species in 

 this country, although Seebold observes that it occurs in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Bilbao, in two broods, the first in May, often abundant, the 

 summer brood distributed and frequent, whilst Macho-Velado gives only 

 August for Santiago. Chapman found it near Puerto de Pajares, from 

 July 8rd-22nd, 1904. In Asia Minor it is certainly double-brooded, as 

 it is recorded from Brussa in May (Fountaine), and September (Bethune- 

 Baker coll.), the latter possibly third, and not second, brood. In 

 central Asia it also appears to be double-brooded, although April and 



