124 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



with abundant line spiculae ; they are in fact trumpet- or umbrella- 

 hairs ; further away from the gland these hairs become modified, 

 gradually becoming like ordinary hairs with a somewhat bulbous 

 spicular extremity, and further off merge in the ordinary hairs. 

 Lenticles are rare over the dorsum, but, lower, are frequent along the 

 anterior borders of the segments, and above, and near, the spiracles, as well 

 as near the honey-gland. They vary a good deal, some are shallow rings, 

 the majority are as high as broad, and, as well as a nodulated margin, 

 carry, half-way up, a circle of fine points. Some are taller, thimble- 

 shaped, i.e., very narrow at top. The honey-gland is a slit about 0*25mm. 

 across, with hairs, as noted, round it, and a row of lenticles along its pos- 

 terior border. The presence of fan-organs (or caruncles) (8th abdominal) 

 is obvious, but nothing definite of their structure is observed. The 

 spiracles are round, and, in preserved specimens, present a lower larger, 

 and smaller upper, ring, connected by eight to ten flying buttresses. 

 The two pads of prolegs each carry eight hooks, alternately large and 

 small. The general surface is clothed with fine sharp skin-points. 

 Last instar: In the fourth (last*) instar, the hairs are a little longer, 

 and much thicker than in the previous skin. There is, however, 

 greater variety in the length of the hairs. The spicules are much 

 bolder, but much fewer, so that many hairs look (and are ?) quite 

 smooth. There is no specialisation near the honey-gland. The hair- 

 bases are much more markedly stellate than previously, but for the most 

 part may still be described as having four to six sharp upstanding 

 spines ; by stellate, I mean that the spines are longer and more radial 

 in direction. The honey-gland is surrounded by strong hairs, but 

 only a few lenticles. The fan -organs are distinct, but structure not 

 determined; round them the skin -points, no longer sharp, but flattened 

 and rounded, are arranged in a radial manner. The pro thoracic 

 plate is 0*6mm. across, and has, at each angle, the remarkable, flat, 

 circular base of the special hair, which is 0'5mm. long, excessively 

 slender and threadlike, apparently of same diameter for its whole 

 length, a diameter about one-sixth or one-eighth of the ordinary hairs. 

 Lenticles are seen in a row of five or six along the anterior margin of 

 the segments just above the spiracle, and in little groups of six or 

 eight above and behind (but close to) the spiracles ; they are rings of 

 various height, with marginal points of very varying size, rarely with 

 any lateral ones. Many look like the conventional crown, with few 

 and blunt rays. Spiracles as in previous skin. Each pad of the prolegs 

 possesses nine hooks, five large, and four small intermediate ones. 

 The skin-points are for the most part flat, but in places are acute. In 

 one or two prepared specimens, the relation of the skin-points to each 

 other is well shown. They look very like the pattern on the eggs, viz., 

 are arranged in triangles (hexagon with one in middle), and from each 

 to its six neighbours there is a raised, or what looks like a raised, line 

 (Chapman). Final i)istar: When t'nllgrown about 8mm. long, and 

 may be roughly compared with a moderately -sized grain of wheat cut 

 in half, the back being arched in a curve, and the belly flat, with the 

 Legs placed well under it, or it may he compared with a very tiny 



* 1 do not find I have any definite notes of the number of moults ; my strong 

 impression is that there are three, the specimen described (and preserved and 

 labelled) as in third moult is in the penultimate instar. 



