134 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



exactness. In Portugal, in the Setubal district, April, and then July 

 and August are noted (Vielledent). In Spain, it has been so rarely 

 recorded that one is unaware whether it is double-brooded or not ; rare 

 in June in Teruel (Zapater); July in the Asturias (Oberthur). It 

 has been recorded for July in Corsica (Rowland-Brown). In 

 Italy, in Tuscany, double-brooded, May and July (Stefanelli); May, in 

 Sicily (Mina-Palumbo); May, in Naples, Capri, etc. (White); early 

 June (Oberthur) and July, at Como (White); from commencement to 

 end of June, in the Chiasso district (Knecht); mid- June (Rowland - 

 Brown) and early August, at Susa (Tutt); May and June, at Varallo 

 and Orta (Lowe); July at Turin (Swinton); July in the Pistoiese 

 Apennines (Verity); whilst successive broods in the summer of 1892, 

 are recorded at the Certosa di Pesio (Norris). In France, it would 

 appear to be largely single-brooded in the north and central depart- 

 ments, but more or Jess double-brooded in the south, e.g., Godart says 

 that it occurs in May and July in the southern departments of France, 

 whilst Duponchel states that it is double-brooded in central France as 

 far north as Paris, occurring first in June, and then again in August. 

 Milliere also gives June and August for the Alpes-Maritimes, but the 

 time of appearance here seems to be largely a matter of altitude, and 

 less so a matter of latitude ; Powell does not believe that, even in the 

 most southern departments, it is double-brooded, but occurs from April 

 to August according to altitude; he finds it in April in the valley 

 near La Mauniere, in the Hyeres district, at 60m. altitude ; in April 

 at La Guiranne, at 150m. ; in May, in the St. Pons Valley ; in early 

 June, worn, on Mont Pacagnalia, near Nice, at 600m. ; at the end of 

 June, on the Pic de Beguines, at 1154m. ; worn, in early July, at 

 Beauvezer, at 1200m., but fresh, a fortnight later, above the town, at 

 1800m. ; mid-July, at Colmars, at 2000m., at Esteng, 1750m., at 

 Entrevaux, 1200m.; and early August, on Mont Pelat, at 2300m. 

 elevation. Rondou notes end of April to July, in the Basses-Pyrenees, 

 but other authors give suggestions of double- broodedness — 

 May, and again in August, in Indre (Sand); June, and again in 

 August, in Saone-et-Loire (Andre), in Eure'(Guenee), and in Vosges 

 (Cantener); April to June, and again in July, in Haute- Mar ne 

 (Frionnet); Basses- Alpes — April (Tutt), June (Jones), July, at Digne 

 (Lemann); Gard — April, at Pont du Gard (Tutt); Savoie, early May 

 and end of July, at Gresy-sur-Aix (Tutt), etc. In the French Pyrenees at 

 Cauterets, Gavarnie, etc., it occurs in June and July (Oberthur); 

 iii the Hautes- and Basses-Alpes — Le Lautaret, Lanslebourg, Alios. 

 Abries, etc., in July and August (Tutt). In Roumania, it is recorded 

 as triple-brooded, May- June, July and September (Caradja); in Trans- 

 caucasia, it occurs in May (Romanoff). In Scandinavia the time of 

 appearance is given as May to July (Sparre-Schneider). The occasional 

 collectors who have visited various parts of Asia, have recorded it as 

 occurring in May, in Thibet (Grum-Grshniailo); June in the Altai 

 (Elwes); end of July, in Amurland (Graeser); June and July, in 

 Kamschatka (Alpheraky); but it is impossible to tell the number of 

 broods in these countries. The following actual dates of capture may 

 prove interesting bred May 18th, 1856, from larva 1 from Jena (Zeller); 

 May 31st, 1863, near the ruins of the old church of Hamar am Mjosen 

 ( YYocke); in May, 18(>6, at Capri, in July, 1866, at Como (F. B. White); 

 .July, 1868, from Mddling (Zeller); July, I860, in the Vallee d'Eyna 



