144 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



higher slopes where it flies with Melitaea aurinia var. merope, Colias 

 palaeno, Erebia gorge, E. lappona, E. glacialis, (JEneis a'ello, Pontia 

 callidice, etc., at an elevation little short of 8000ft. It haunts the 

 flower-clad banks between Goschenen and Andermatt, the topmost 

 pastures of the Col du Torrent, the moraine of the Glacier du Trient, 

 and the pasture-slopes above Piora'and the lovely Lake Kitom, with 

 Polyommatus eras, P. coridon, Erebia mnestra, E. euryale, etc., as well 

 as the hot sun-baked banks at Piotta, among swarms of Melitaea 

 athalia, Brenthis dia, B. amathusia, Lycaena avion, iDryas paphia, etc., 

 and Rosa notes it as quite abundant near the summit of the Gemmi 

 Pass, at 7600ft. elevation. In the Tyrolean alps we found it on the 

 slopes of the Penegal, high above Mendel Pass ; it is especially 

 abundant in the Langes-Thal, in the Brenner district, and Jones also 

 took it in the alpine meadows, above the village of Brenner ; whilst, 

 in the Engadine, the summit of the Maloja Pass, the flowen r nooks by 

 the roadside high up on the Albula Pass (where, at the summit of the 

 Pass, among the bare boulders, surrounded by unmelted snow in mid- 

 July, 1878, it was flying fresh and lively, in numbers), and the flowery 

 slopes, as well as the marshy spots in the lower part of the Roseg 

 Valley, have all produced this species. In the most southern 

 German alps, in a mountain meadow on the SolJeneck, it occurred 

 with Erebia melampus, Colias phicomone, C. hyale, Aporia crataegi, 

 Coenonympha iphis, C. satyrion, Lycaena anon, Cyaniris seutiargus, 

 Poly&mwatus icarus, etc., whilst it was also noticed on a sunny bank 

 at the junction of the Oy and Trittach, two thoroughly mountain 

 torrents, which was alive with butterflies ; lower, it was common by 

 the banks of the river, as also on a spot where the river had formed 

 an extensive sand-bank, overgrown with willow and other bushes, 

 where it flew with Lycaena arion, Cyaniris semiargus, Aijriades bellargns, 

 P. icarus, Plebeins aegon, and P. argyrognomon (Dadd). In the Baltic 

 Provinces the species appears to be distributed locally in grassy wastes, 

 covered with bushes and flowers, but is quite absent in many apparently 

 suitable places (Nolcken); whilst in Scandinavia it is reported to 

 inhabit meadows, etc. (Zetterstedt). In the north of Germany it is 

 exceedingly local, but in the south and central parts it is abundant, 

 haunting^woodland meadows, bush-covered mountain slopes, apparently 

 preferring dry ground, and reaching up to the alpine region (Speyer); 

 in Pomerania, it is somewhat rare among the pines that grow by the 

 shore at Misdroy, and also in the royal forest near Wildenbruch 

 (Hering); whilst in Mecklenburg also, it affects the sandy districts 

 of the Sandhager firs (Stange), similarly at Oldenburg in Holsatia 

 (Saxesen), as well as at Oldenburg in Hanover (Rehberg), it haunts 

 sandhills. In the Rhine Provinces, it is locally common in mountain- 

 meadows, as it also is in the Hartz (Heinemann). Id Hesse, it varies 

 in its choice, around Wiesbaden occurring only on the limestone 

 formations (Rossler), abundant on the grassy slopes of a hillside 

 meadow near Wiesbaden (Prideaux) ; at Hanau it is found in 

 moorland meadows, and forest clearings (Limpert and Kottelberg), 

 and in the Hinterland it also prefers forest clearings and wood- 

 meadows (Glaser); near Frankfort-on-Main it is found in meadows, 

 as well as on the slopes of the Taunus and neighbouring mountains 

 (Koch). In Waldeck, it is found on the slate mountains near 

 Wildungen, but on the sandstone at Arolsen, and the muschelkalk 



